怎么用英文简单介绍美国式橄榄球

FootballHistory—JustWhatSportareWeTalkingAboutAnyway?

Mentiontheterm“football”anddependingonjustwhereyouareoneoftwoentirelydifferentgamesmightcometomind.InNorthAmerica,peoplewillpictureasmash-mouthgameplayedbylargemenwearingpadsandhelmetsonafieldwithgoalpostsateachend.Theballismoveddownthefieldbyrunningandpassing.Inmostoftherestoftheworld“football”meansasportplayedbyshorts-cladmenandwomenonapitch,orfield,withnettedgoalsateachend.Itisagamethatprimarilyinvolvesthefeetastheballiskickedupanddownthepitch.Forthepurposeofthisarticle,wewillfocusonthehistoryoffootball,americanstyle,thefirsttypementioned.Associationfootball,orsoccerasit’scommonlycalled,isaddressedonadifferentpageonthiswebsite.

Hasfootballalwaysbeenthisconfusing?Inanutshell,yes.

Soccer,RugbyandMore

AmericanFootball(let’smakeitsimpleandjustcallitplainol’“football”)hasitrootsinbothsoccerandrugby.Aformofsoccerwasplayedasearlyas206BCintheHanDynastyofChinawhenteamscompetedinagamecalledTsuChutocelebratetheemperor’sbirthday.Therootsofrugby-typegamesgobackto11thcenturyEnglandwhenyoungboysplayedatacklegamewithaninflatedcowbladder.Thischild’splayevolvedintoviolentclashesbetweenmenfromopposingvillages.Hundredsofplayersfromeachtownwouldattempttorunthebladderintothemiddleofthetheiropponent’stown.InjuriesandevendeathweresuchacommonpartofthegamethattheKingofEnglandeventuallyoutlawedthesport.

In1623,footballresurfaced(legally)inEnglandasasoccer-typegameplayedonafieldratherthaninthetownstreets.Playerswerenotallowedtotouchtheballwithanythingexcepttheirfeet.Ataboutthesametime,Irishteamstookupaformoffootballthatallowedplayerstohittheballwiththeirfists.

OneofthebiggestchangesinthegamehappenedatRugbyCollegein1823.Accordingtolegend,WilliamEllissuddenlystoppedkickingtheball,pickeditupandrandownthefieldandacrossthegoalline.Sure,Ellishadbrokenoneofthefundamentalrulesofthegame,butthecrowdlovedit.RugbyCollegerecognizedthatEllishadagoodideaandbeganallowingplayerstorunwithball.Thiswastheofficialbeginningofrugbyandthecatalystforwhatweknowtodayasfootball.