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初中的英语时态有哪几种

发表时间:2024-07-08 11:57:15 来源:网友投稿

Ⅰ.初中英语八种时态归纳复习

时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容,广大初中学生在实际运用时,往往对时态总是倍感棘手,下面我们就归纳复习一下这几种时态.

一、一般现在时:

概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况.

时间状语:

always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month…),onceaweek,onSundays,etc.

基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词

否定形式:①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词.

一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时还原行为动词.

二、一般过去时:

概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为.

时间状语:ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year,night,month…),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,etc.

基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词

否定形式:①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词.

一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词.

三、现在进行时:

概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为.

时间状语:now,atthistime,thesedays,etc.

基本结构:am/is/are+doing

否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.

一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首.

四、过去进行时:

概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作.

时间状语:atthistimeyesterday,atthattime或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等.

基本结构:was/were+doing

否定形式:was/were+not+doing.

一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首.

五、现在完成时:

概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态.

时间状语:recently,lately,since…for…,inthepastfewyears,etc.

基本结构:have/has+done

否定形式:have/has+not+done.

一般疑问句:have或has.

六、过去完成时:

概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”.

时间状语:before,bytheendoflastyear(term,month…),etc.

基本结构:had+done.

否定形式:had+not+done.

一般疑问句:had放于句首.

七、一般将来时:

概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事.

时间状语:tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,inafewminutes,by…,thedayaftertomorrow,etc.

基本结构:①am/is/are/goingto+do;②will/shall+do.

否定形式:①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词.

一般疑问句:①be放于句首;②will/shall提到句首.

八、过去将来时:

概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中.

时间状语:thenextday(morning,year…),thefollowingmonth(week…),etc.

基本结构:①was/were/goingto+do;②would/should+do.

否定形式:①was/were/not+goingto+do;②would/should+not+do.

一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②would/should提到句首.

Ⅱ.几种常见时态的相互转换

英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换,以下是几种常见的转换形式:

一、一般过去时与现在完成时的转换

在现在完成时中,延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用,瞬间动词却不能.但是,可用别的表达方式:①瞬间动词用于“一段时间+ago”的一般过去时的句型中;②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语,与一段时间连用;③瞬间动词用于“Itis+一段时间+since+一般过去时”的句型中,表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思,主句一般用itis来代替Ithasbeen;④瞬间动词用于“Sometimehaspassedsince+一般过去时”的句型中.请看:

A.HejoinedtheLeaguetwoyearsago.

B.HehasbeenintheLeaguefortwoyears.

C.ItistwoyearssincehejoinedtheLeague.

D.TwoyearshaspassedsincehejoinedtheLeague.

二、一般现在时与现在进行时的转换

在一般现在时中,at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”,如atwork(在工作),atschool(上学、上课)等.此短语可与进行时态转换.请看:

Peterisatwork,butMikeisatplay.

Peterisworking,butMikeisplaying.

三、现在进行时与一般将来时的转换

在现在进行时态中go,come,leave,start,arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作.如:Iamcoming,Mum!意为“我就来,妈妈!”请看:

Thetrainisleavingsoon.

Thetrainwillleavesoon.

四、“begoingto+动词原形”与“will(shall)+动词原形”结构的转换

“begoingto+动词原形”、表示打算、计划要做的事;将来时“will(shall)+动词原形”结构在书面语中,当主语为第一人称时,常用助动词shall.在口语中,所有人称都可以用will.请看:

WearegoingtovisittheGreatWallnextSunday.

WeshallvisittheGreatWallnextSunday.

Ⅲ.中考动词时态考点分析

一、根据时间状语确定时态的原则

1.Hurryup!Theplayfortenminutes.(2002辽宁)

A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.began

[析]1.C.since后接时间的起点,for后接时间段,主句动词用现在完成时,应注意瞬间动词与延续性动词的使用.

二、在复合句根据时态呼应确定时态的原则

2.Doyouknowifbacknextweek?Ifheback,pleaseletmeknow.(2002黑龙江)

A.hecomes;willcomeB.willhecome;comes

C.hewillcome;comesD.willhecome;willcome

[析]2.C.if既可引导宾语从句,也可引导状语从句.充当宾语从句的连接词时,相当于whether,词义是“是否”.充当状语从句的连接词时,词义是“如果”.从时态看,if引导宾语从句时谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化;引导表示将来动作或状态的条件句时,若主句用一般将来时,则从句通常用一般现在时表示将来.

三、根据上下文已有时态信息点确定时态的原则

3.–Whenthiskindofcomputer?

--Lastyear.(2002天津)

A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used

[析]3.B.此例由下句的时间状语推断出一般过去时态,并且要考虑到被动语态.

四、利用上下文语意确定时态的原则

4.–Hi!LinTao.Ididn’tseeyouattheparty.

--Oh,Ireadyforthemathsexam.(2002江西)

A.amgettingB.wasgettingC.gotD.havegot

[析]4.B.此例由didn’t,attheparty推断出应用过去进行时.

五、时态中的“特殊”对策的原则

5.TheteachertoldusyesterdaythatDecember25ChristmasDay.(2002辽宁)

A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.willbe

[析]5.A.有些动词其动词的时态是“违背常理”的.如宾语从句表示的是一个客观事实或客观真理时,其时态不受主句限制而用一般现在时表示.

Ⅳ.中考实战题练兵

A)Fillintheblankswiththerightformsoftheverbtense:

1.MrBrownwillgofishingifit(notrain)tomorrow.(2002徐州市)

2.Ithinkhe(be)backinaweek.(2002南京市)

3.–Who(knock)atthedoor?

--Idon’tknow.Letmegoandsee.(2002连云港市)

4.Billisstrictwithhimself.Henever(leave)today’sworkfortomorrow.(2002连云港市)

5.--youruncle(return)thevideotapestoMrFox?

--No.They’restillinhisbedroom.(2002南通市)

6.Bytheendoflastterm,they(work)therefortenyears.(2002辽宁)

7.Mr.Wang(read)anewspaperintheofficeatthistimeyesterday.(2002上海市)

8.Mr.Greenandhiswife(live)inLondonforafewyearsbeforethey

(come)toworkinChinain2001.(2002曲靖市)

9.Theyneverknewwhat(happen)totheworldinahundredyears.(2002南充)

10.About400yearsago,Galileo(伽利略)provedthattheearth(go)aroundthesun.(2002陕西)

B)Completethefollowingsentences:

1.WhenIgottothecinema,(电影已经开始了二十分钟了).(2001黄岗)

2.(有一场音乐会)aconcerttomorrowafternoon.(2000甘肃)

3.It’sthreeyearssincehe(入团).(2001宁夏)

4.Pleaseletmeknow(他一回来).(2000陕西)

5.I(正要入睡)whentherewasaloudknockatthedoor.(2000新疆)

PartBVoices

Ⅰ.ThePassiveVoice

一、Voices:TheActiveandPassiveVoices

ActiveVoice主动语态PassiveVoice

ManypeoplespeakEnglish.Englishisspokenbymanypeople.

TheyfoundthedinosaureggsinLiaoning.ThedinosaureggswerefoundinLiaoning.

Wemustdosomethingtostopthepollution.Somethingmustbedonetostop

thepollution.

二、Theformationsofthepassivevoicesofdifferenttenses(A):

方式

时间一般进行完成

现在am

is+pp.

aream

isbeing+pp.

arehas

been+pp.

have

过去

was

+pp.

were

was

being+pp.

were

hadbeen+pp.

将来

shall

be+pp.

will

过去

将来

should

be+pp.

would

Theformationsofthepassivevoicesofmodalverbs(B):

must/can/may/should+be+pp.

三、WhentousethePassiveVoice:

1.行为主体不明确,不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时.

Footballisplayedallovertheworld.

2.不易找到或根本就找不到动作的执行者时.

Mybikewasstolen.

3.汉语含有“据说”、“有人说”等时.

ItissaidthatanotherbridgehasbeenbuiltovertheChangjiangRiver.

4.汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时.

WeiHuaisaskedtocomebyLinTao.

5.汉语中没有“被”、“由”等词,而在原句中试加这类词且句意通顺时.

Thesesongsareusuallysungbyboys.

6.某些句子习惯上用被动语态.

HewasborninOctober,1988.

7.表示礼貌时.

YouarefriendlyinvitedtocometoourEnglishpartyat8:00p.m.tomorrow.

(Note:用于被动语态中的动词是及物动词,不及物动词不能用被动语态.)

Ⅱ.中考实战题练兵

A)Fillintheblankswiththerightformsoftheverbsgiven:

1.Lastmonth,inthefirstmatchofthe17thWorldCup,France(beat)

0-1byanewteam—Senegal.(2002南京市)

2.Howmanyfridges(produce)inChinainthelasttwoyears?(2002徐州市)

3.Nodictionaryshould(bring)totheEnglishexam,boysandgirls!(2002连云港市)

4.Thatdayeachofus(give)tendollarsafterwefinishthework.

(2002连云港市)

5.They(warn)nottotouchthemachinewhiletheywerevisitingtheworkshop.(2001吉林)

B)MultipleChoice:

()1.Idon’tknowtheschool,butit’stobequiteagoodone.(2002苏州市)

A.toldB.spokenC.talkedD.said

()2.Pleasedon’tstandupinclassuntilyou.(2002泰州市)

A.weretoldtoB.aretoldtoC.weretoldD.aretold

()3.IfMginO2,weMgO,anditcombinationreaction

(化学变化).(2202泰州市)

A.willburn;get;callsB.burns;willget;called

C.willburn;canget;iscallingD.burns;willget;iscalled

()4.Pleasetellmewhenonthewall.(2002无锡市)

A.hasthismaphungB.wasthismaphung

C.thismaphashungD.thismapwashung

()5.Thedoctorwilloperateonhimatonceassoonashethehospital.(2002常州市)

A.issenttoB.willbetakento

C.leavesD.doesn’treturn

()6.Theywon’tbebackuntilthework.(2002南通市)

A.doB.doesC.isdoneD.willdo

()7.Themedicinecool,cleananddry.(2001天津市)

A.mustkeepB.mustbekeptC.mustbecarriedD.mustbein

()8.–Where’retheoldhouseshere?

--Oh,theybytheendoflastcentury,andanewtallbuilding

heresoon.(2002深圳市)

A.havebeenpulleddown;isgoingtobebuilt

B.werepulleddown;willbebuilt

C.hadbeenpulleddown;isgoingtobebuilt

D.hadbeenbuilt;isgoingtobepulleddown

()9.Youcan’tleavenow.Therearestilltwentymoretrees.(2002河北)

A.toplantB.beingplantedC.plantD.tobeplanted

()10.–Where’syourcar?

--There’ssomethingwrongwithitanditinthegaragenow.(2001四川)

A.isrepairedB.isbeingrepaired

C.hasbeenrepairedD.willberepaired

C)PutthefollowingintoEnglish:

1.近五年来在西昌已发射了几颗人造卫星.(2002南京市)

Severalman-madesatellitesinXichanginthepastfiveyears.

2.请你告诉我这把锁是用什么制成的好吗?(2002无锡市)

Wouldyoupleasetellme?

3.那个博物馆是八年前建造的.(2002苏州市)

.

4.必须采取措施阻止人们砍伐树木.(2002泰州市)

tostoppeoplefromcuttingtreesdown.

5.Whenhegotthere,hefoundallthefood

(都吃光了).(2002通化市)

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