初中的英语时态有哪几种
Ⅰ.初中英语八种时态归纳复习
时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容,广大初中学生在实际运用时,往往对时态总是倍感棘手,下面我们就归纳复习一下这几种时态.
一、一般现在时:
概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况.
时间状语:
always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month…),onceaweek,onSundays,etc.
基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词
否定形式:①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词.
一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时还原行为动词.
二、一般过去时:
概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为.
时间状语:ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year,night,month…),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,etc.
基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词
否定形式:①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词.
一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词.
三、现在进行时:
概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为.
时间状语:now,atthistime,thesedays,etc.
基本结构:am/is/are+doing
否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.
一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首.
四、过去进行时:
概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作.
时间状语:atthistimeyesterday,atthattime或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等.
基本结构:was/were+doing
否定形式:was/were+not+doing.
一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首.
五、现在完成时:
概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态.
时间状语:recently,lately,since…for…,inthepastfewyears,etc.
基本结构:have/has+done
否定形式:have/has+not+done.
一般疑问句:have或has.
六、过去完成时:
概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”.
时间状语:before,bytheendoflastyear(term,month…),etc.
基本结构:had+done.
否定形式:had+not+done.
一般疑问句:had放于句首.
七、一般将来时:
概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事.
时间状语:tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,inafewminutes,by…,thedayaftertomorrow,etc.
基本结构:①am/is/are/goingto+do;②will/shall+do.
否定形式:①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词.
一般疑问句:①be放于句首;②will/shall提到句首.
八、过去将来时:
概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中.
时间状语:thenextday(morning,year…),thefollowingmonth(week…),etc.
基本结构:①was/were/goingto+do;②would/should+do.
否定形式:①was/were/not+goingto+do;②would/should+not+do.
一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②would/should提到句首.
Ⅱ.几种常见时态的相互转换
英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换,以下是几种常见的转换形式:
一、一般过去时与现在完成时的转换
在现在完成时中,延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用,瞬间动词却不能.但是,可用别的表达方式:①瞬间动词用于“一段时间+ago”的一般过去时的句型中;②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语,与一段时间连用;③瞬间动词用于“Itis+一段时间+since+一般过去时”的句型中,表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思,主句一般用itis来代替Ithasbeen;④瞬间动词用于“Sometimehaspassedsince+一般过去时”的句型中.请看:
A.HejoinedtheLeaguetwoyearsago.
B.HehasbeenintheLeaguefortwoyears.
C.ItistwoyearssincehejoinedtheLeague.
D.TwoyearshaspassedsincehejoinedtheLeague.
二、一般现在时与现在进行时的转换
在一般现在时中,at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”,如atwork(在工作),atschool(上学、上课)等.此短语可与进行时态转换.请看:
Peterisatwork,butMikeisatplay.
Peterisworking,butMikeisplaying.
三、现在进行时与一般将来时的转换
在现在进行时态中go,come,leave,start,arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作.如:Iamcoming,Mum!意为“我就来,妈妈!”请看:
Thetrainisleavingsoon.
Thetrainwillleavesoon.
四、“begoingto+动词原形”与“will(shall)+动词原形”结构的转换
“begoingto+动词原形”、表示打算、计划要做的事;将来时“will(shall)+动词原形”结构在书面语中,当主语为第一人称时,常用助动词shall.在口语中,所有人称都可以用will.请看:
WearegoingtovisittheGreatWallnextSunday.
WeshallvisittheGreatWallnextSunday.
Ⅲ.中考动词时态考点分析
一、根据时间状语确定时态的原则
1.Hurryup!Theplayfortenminutes.(2002辽宁)
A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.began
[析]1.C.since后接时间的起点,for后接时间段,主句动词用现在完成时,应注意瞬间动词与延续性动词的使用.
二、在复合句根据时态呼应确定时态的原则
2.Doyouknowifbacknextweek?Ifheback,pleaseletmeknow.(2002黑龙江)
A.hecomes;willcomeB.willhecome;comes
C.hewillcome;comesD.willhecome;willcome
[析]2.C.if既可引导宾语从句,也可引导状语从句.充当宾语从句的连接词时,相当于whether,词义是“是否”.充当状语从句的连接词时,词义是“如果”.从时态看,if引导宾语从句时谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化;引导表示将来动作或状态的条件句时,若主句用一般将来时,则从句通常用一般现在时表示将来.
三、根据上下文已有时态信息点确定时态的原则
3.–Whenthiskindofcomputer?
--Lastyear.(2002天津)
A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used
[析]3.B.此例由下句的时间状语推断出一般过去时态,并且要考虑到被动语态.
四、利用上下文语意确定时态的原则
4.–Hi!LinTao.Ididn’tseeyouattheparty.
--Oh,Ireadyforthemathsexam.(2002江西)
A.amgettingB.wasgettingC.gotD.havegot
[析]4.B.此例由didn’t,attheparty推断出应用过去进行时.
五、时态中的“特殊”对策的原则
5.TheteachertoldusyesterdaythatDecember25ChristmasDay.(2002辽宁)
A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.willbe
[析]5.A.有些动词其动词的时态是“违背常理”的.如宾语从句表示的是一个客观事实或客观真理时,其时态不受主句限制而用一般现在时表示.
Ⅳ.中考实战题练兵
A)Fillintheblankswiththerightformsoftheverbtense:
1.MrBrownwillgofishingifit(notrain)tomorrow.(2002徐州市)
2.Ithinkhe(be)backinaweek.(2002南京市)
3.–Who(knock)atthedoor?
--Idon’tknow.Letmegoandsee.(2002连云港市)
4.Billisstrictwithhimself.Henever(leave)today’sworkfortomorrow.(2002连云港市)
5.--youruncle(return)thevideotapestoMrFox?
--No.They’restillinhisbedroom.(2002南通市)
6.Bytheendoflastterm,they(work)therefortenyears.(2002辽宁)
7.Mr.Wang(read)anewspaperintheofficeatthistimeyesterday.(2002上海市)
8.Mr.Greenandhiswife(live)inLondonforafewyearsbeforethey
(come)toworkinChinain2001.(2002曲靖市)
9.Theyneverknewwhat(happen)totheworldinahundredyears.(2002南充)
10.About400yearsago,Galileo(伽利略)provedthattheearth(go)aroundthesun.(2002陕西)
B)Completethefollowingsentences:
1.WhenIgottothecinema,(电影已经开始了二十分钟了).(2001黄岗)
2.(有一场音乐会)aconcerttomorrowafternoon.(2000甘肃)
3.It’sthreeyearssincehe(入团).(2001宁夏)
4.Pleaseletmeknow(他一回来).(2000陕西)
5.I(正要入睡)whentherewasaloudknockatthedoor.(2000新疆)
PartBVoices
Ⅰ.ThePassiveVoice
一、Voices:TheActiveandPassiveVoices
ActiveVoice主动语态PassiveVoice
ManypeoplespeakEnglish.Englishisspokenbymanypeople.
TheyfoundthedinosaureggsinLiaoning.ThedinosaureggswerefoundinLiaoning.
Wemustdosomethingtostopthepollution.Somethingmustbedonetostop
thepollution.
二、Theformationsofthepassivevoicesofdifferenttenses(A):
方式
时间一般进行完成
现在am
is+pp.
aream
isbeing+pp.
arehas
been+pp.
have
过去
was
+pp.
were
was
being+pp.
were
hadbeen+pp.
将来
shall
be+pp.
will
过去
将来
should
be+pp.
would
Theformationsofthepassivevoicesofmodalverbs(B):
must/can/may/should+be+pp.
三、WhentousethePassiveVoice:
1.行为主体不明确,不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时.
Footballisplayedallovertheworld.
2.不易找到或根本就找不到动作的执行者时.
Mybikewasstolen.
3.汉语含有“据说”、“有人说”等时.
ItissaidthatanotherbridgehasbeenbuiltovertheChangjiangRiver.
4.汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时.
WeiHuaisaskedtocomebyLinTao.
5.汉语中没有“被”、“由”等词,而在原句中试加这类词且句意通顺时.
Thesesongsareusuallysungbyboys.
6.某些句子习惯上用被动语态.
HewasborninOctober,1988.
7.表示礼貌时.
YouarefriendlyinvitedtocometoourEnglishpartyat8:00p.m.tomorrow.
(Note:用于被动语态中的动词是及物动词,不及物动词不能用被动语态.)
Ⅱ.中考实战题练兵
A)Fillintheblankswiththerightformsoftheverbsgiven:
1.Lastmonth,inthefirstmatchofthe17thWorldCup,France(beat)
0-1byanewteam—Senegal.(2002南京市)
2.Howmanyfridges(produce)inChinainthelasttwoyears?(2002徐州市)
3.Nodictionaryshould(bring)totheEnglishexam,boysandgirls!(2002连云港市)
4.Thatdayeachofus(give)tendollarsafterwefinishthework.
(2002连云港市)
5.They(warn)nottotouchthemachinewhiletheywerevisitingtheworkshop.(2001吉林)
B)MultipleChoice:
()1.Idon’tknowtheschool,butit’stobequiteagoodone.(2002苏州市)
A.toldB.spokenC.talkedD.said
()2.Pleasedon’tstandupinclassuntilyou.(2002泰州市)
A.weretoldtoB.aretoldtoC.weretoldD.aretold
()3.IfMginO2,weMgO,anditcombinationreaction
(化学变化).(2202泰州市)
A.willburn;get;callsB.burns;willget;called
C.willburn;canget;iscallingD.burns;willget;iscalled
()4.Pleasetellmewhenonthewall.(2002无锡市)
A.hasthismaphungB.wasthismaphung
C.thismaphashungD.thismapwashung
()5.Thedoctorwilloperateonhimatonceassoonashethehospital.(2002常州市)
A.issenttoB.willbetakento
C.leavesD.doesn’treturn
()6.Theywon’tbebackuntilthework.(2002南通市)
A.doB.doesC.isdoneD.willdo
()7.Themedicinecool,cleananddry.(2001天津市)
A.mustkeepB.mustbekeptC.mustbecarriedD.mustbein
()8.–Where’retheoldhouseshere?
--Oh,theybytheendoflastcentury,andanewtallbuilding
heresoon.(2002深圳市)
A.havebeenpulleddown;isgoingtobebuilt
B.werepulleddown;willbebuilt
C.hadbeenpulleddown;isgoingtobebuilt
D.hadbeenbuilt;isgoingtobepulleddown
()9.Youcan’tleavenow.Therearestilltwentymoretrees.(2002河北)
A.toplantB.beingplantedC.plantD.tobeplanted
()10.–Where’syourcar?
--There’ssomethingwrongwithitanditinthegaragenow.(2001四川)
A.isrepairedB.isbeingrepaired
C.hasbeenrepairedD.willberepaired
C)PutthefollowingintoEnglish:
1.近五年来在西昌已发射了几颗人造卫星.(2002南京市)
Severalman-madesatellitesinXichanginthepastfiveyears.
2.请你告诉我这把锁是用什么制成的好吗?(2002无锡市)
Wouldyoupleasetellme?
3.那个博物馆是八年前建造的.(2002苏州市)
.
4.必须采取措施阻止人们砍伐树木.(2002泰州市)
tostoppeoplefromcuttingtreesdown.
5.Whenhegotthere,hefoundallthefood
(都吃光了).(2002通化市)
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