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初中英语语法梳理和提高17动词的语态讲解试题

发表时间:2024-07-15 15:25:36 来源:网友投稿

动词的语态

  知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点!

  英语动词有两种语态,即主动语态(TheActiveVoice)和被动语态(ThePassiveVoice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,例如:

  ManypeoplespeakEnglish.(主动语态)

  Englishisspokenbymanypeople.(被动语态)

  1、被动语态的构成

  被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。被动语态的肯定式、否定式及疑问式列表如下:

  肯定句:主语+be+过去分词+(by…)eg.Heisoftenaskedtodothiswork(byhisboss).

  否定句:主语+benot+过去分词+(by…)eg.Iamnotinvitedtotheparty(byhim).

  一般疑问句:Be+主语+过去分词+(by…)?eg.Areyourclotheswashedbyyourself?

  特殊疑问句:疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+(by…)?eg.Whatisthissweatermadeof?

  现以动词give为例,其被动语态的各种时态如下:

一般

进行

完成

现在

Am/is/are+given

Am/is/are+being+given

Have/has+been+given

过去

Was/were+given

Was/were+being+given

Had+been+given

将来

Shall/will+given

Shall/will+be+given

Should/would+be+given

含情态词的

Can/may/must+be+given

  3、被动语态的用法:

  1)当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时,或者只需强调动作的承受者时,要用被动语态。例如:

  Thisjacketismadeofcotton.

  Englishisspokeninmanycountriesintheworld.

  2)强调动作的承受者时。如:Theboywassavedatlast.这个男孩最后得救了。

  3)主动语态变被动语态的步骤:

  主动句:Theboybrokethewindowyesterday.

  

  被动句:Thewindowwasbrokenbytheboyyesterday.

  步骤一:原句中的宾语thewindow变成主语。

  步骤二:谓语动词broke改为被动形式:wasbroken

  步骤三:原句中的主语Theboy放在介词by的后面。

  步骤四:其他成分如:yesterday不变。

  5)有两个宾语的句子的被动语态:

  A.可有两种被动语态的常用动词有:buy,give,leave,lend,offer,pay,teach,tell,show,等。

  1.Hegavemethebookjustnow.

  Thebookwasgiventome(byhim)justnow.=Iwasgiventhebook(byhim)justnow.

  2.Theyshowtheguardtheirpassportsattheentrancetothebuilding.

  Thepassportswereshowntotheguardbythemattheentrancetothebuilding.

  =Theguardwasshownthepassportsbythemattheentrancetothebuilding.

  B.通常用直接宾语作被动语态主语的一些动词有:bring,do,make,pass,sell,send,sing,write,等。

  1.Hewroteheraletter.

  Aletterwaswrittentoher.

  Mymothermademeaskirt.

  Askirtwasmade(forme)bymymother.

  练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩!

  一、选择填空

  1.Thequestion______byussoon.

  A.isgoingtodiscussB.willdiscuss

  C.isgoingtobediscussedD.hasbeendiscussed

  2.Theoldmanwasquiteweakaftertheaccident,sohe______.

  A.mustlookafterB.mustbetakencare

  C.mustbelookedafterD.musttakecareof

  3.Allthenewwords______upinthedictionaryyet.

  A.havelookedB.haven'tlooked

  C.havebeenlookedD.haven'tbeenlooked

  4.Therewasnoroomforyou.Alltheseats______.

  A.aretakenB.wastakenC.hadtakenD.hadbeentaken

  5.Amodelship______hissonbyMrMore.

  A.wasmadeforB.wasmadetoC.madeforD.makesfor

  6.----Dad,pleaseopenthedoor,it______.

  ----OK,dear.Iamcoming.

  A.waslockedB.locksC.islockedD.locked

  7.Thiskindofsweater______verysoft.

  A.isfeltB.feelsC.feelD.isfeeling

  8.----Haveallthestudentsknownthatourclasswillvisitthefactorythisafternoon?

  ----Yes.Everystudent______aboutit.

  A.toldB.hastoldC.wastoldD.tells

  9.Thecake______delicious.

  A.smellB.issmelledC.issmellingD.smells

  10.Myfatherhas

givenupsmokingsincehe______on.

  A.willoperateB.willbeoperatedC.operatedD.wasoperated

  11.Anewschool______thesedays.

  A.isbuildingB.isbuilt

  C.wellbuildD.isbeingbuilt

  12.Thecake______delicious.

  A.smellB.issmelled

  C.issmellingD.smells

  13.I________therewouldbeafootballmatchonChannel8tomato

  A.willtellB.havetoldC.wastoldD.willbetold

  14.Thelibrariantoldmethatthebook______fortwoweeks.

  A.canbeborrowedB.canbekeptC.couldbeborrowedD.couldbekept

  15.When______thiskindofcomputer_______?

  is;usedB.was;usedC.did;useD.are;used

  16.Thenewcomputers_______tothevillageschoolaspresentlastmonth.

  aregivenB.givenC.weregivenD.gave

  17.Ireallydon'tknow_______aboutit.

  A.whattodoB.howtodoC.todowhatD.howcanIdo

  18.Yourshoes_______.You'dbettercometogettheminhalfanhour.

  aremendingB.havemendedC.arebeingmendedD.havebeenmended

  19.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister______,todayhewasmade____byher.

  A.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cryD.tocry;cry

  20.When_____theaccident________?

  A.was;happenedB.has;happenedC.washappebeingD.did;happen

  Key:1----5CCDDA6----10CBCDD11-15BDCDB16-20CACAD

  二、用所给动词的正确形式填空。

  Someideas______(give)tocollegestudentsbyhimyesterday.

  ----DoyoulikethemusicMoonlight?

  ----Yes,it______reallybeautiful!(sound)

  Hewon'tcometothepartyunlessSue______.(invite)

  Thechairneeds______.(repair)

  Quickisanotherwayof______fast.(say)

  Thiskindofbike______inthatfactory,butyoucan'tbuyitnow.(make)

  Cotton______inthecountry.(plant)

  Man-madesatellites______byChinesepeople.(send)

  Thiskindsofshoes______outbynow.(sell)

  Theroommust______cleaneveryday.(keep)

  Key:1.weregiven2.sounds3.isinvited4.repairing/toberepaired5.saying6.ismade7.isplanted8.havebeensent9.havebeensold

  10.bekept

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