当前位置:新励学网 > 应试教育 > 谁帮忙整理一下牛津高中英语模块一的词组,语法

谁帮忙整理一下牛津高中英语模块一的词组,语法

发表时间:2024-07-18 15:11:18 来源:网友投稿

对不起啊,这些资料可能对你来说不对,但我只能找到这么多了.还有因为这些资料我是从WORD上复制下来,所以格式上有点乱,请见谅.

定语从句

1.定语从句的结构及理解

2.定语从句的关系词的使用

3.定语从句的简化表达

知识总结归纳

(一)定语从句的结构:在复合句中,修饰某个名词或代词的句子(做这个名词或代词的定语)叫定语从句,定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面,被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词,它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接,这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词(关系代词或关系副词:that,which,who,whose,when,where,why)。先行词在定语从句中充当主语,宾语,时间,地点,原因状语。

结构:先行词+关系词+定语从句。

1.Thereshesawawallofwaterthatwasquicklyadvancingtowardsher.

2.InJapan,someonewhoseesanotherpersonmakingthegesturewillthinkitmeansmoney.

3.Athemeparkisacollectionofrides,exhibitionsorotherattractionsthatarebasedonacommontheme.

4.TheparkhasaconservationcenterthathelpsprotectmarineanimalsandtheirhabitatsintheriversandcoastalwatersofAsia.

5.Visitorscangoonexcitingrideswheretheycanfeelwhatitisliketodothethingstheyhaveseentheirheroesdointhemovie.

6.OprahWinfreyisablackwomanwhoserisetofameisaninspiringstory.

(二)定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句:

限定性定语从句:从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明,缺少它,则句义显得不完整,从句与先行词紧密相连。

非限定性定语从句:对先行词进行补充说明,解释,它与先行词之间有逗号隔开。

1.Beforeshecouldmove,sheheardaloudnoise,whichgrewtoaterribleroar.

2.Treeaftertreewentdown,cutdownbythewater,whichmusthavebeenthreemetersdeep.

3.Flora,whosebeautifulhairanddresswereallcoldandwet,startedcrying.

4.Theirtalkincludesrhythmandrhymingwordsaswellastonguetwisters,whichoftenmaketheaudienceapplaud.

(三)关系词前面可以根据定语从句的内容加上一些介词,这些关系词在介词后面常用which或whom.

1.TherewasamanwithwhomIwouldhavetoworktogetherandfinallythemanagerofthecompany.

2.Manypeoplewhosawthefilmwereafraidtoswimintheseawhentheyrememberedthescenesinwhichpeoplewereeatenbytheshark.

知识重点与难点

(一)当先行词有最高级,序数词修饰,是不定代词,或是all,no,only等形式时,关系代词一般用that,而不能用which。

1.TheTitanicwasthelargestshipthathadeverbeenbuiltatthattime.

2.Thereisonethingthatkeepsworryingme.

(二)当先行词是表示时间,地点,原因的词时,关系词用when,where,why还有which,that

1.I’mverygladtoreturntomyhometownwhereIhadlivedfor10years.

2.ThisismyhometownwhichIusedtotalkabouttoyou.

3.IthinkIcanunderstandthereasonwhyhedidn’ttellthetruthtome.

4.Noonebelievesthereasonthathegaveusabouthisabsenceatthemeeting.

(三)定语从句的简化表达:

1.ThemanwhoissittingontheplatformisaprofessorfromWuhanUniversity.

2.Theletterthatwasmailedlastnightwillreachhimtomorrow.

3.Thequestionthatisbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.

4.Youarewelcometoapartytobegiveninourclassat7:45.

说明:以上的定语从句部分可以用更加简单的非谓语形式表达出来:

1.ThemansittingontheplatformisaprofessorfromWuhanUniversity.

2.Thelettermailedlastnightwillreachhimtomorrow.

3.Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.

4.Youarewelcometoapartytobegiveninourclassat7:45.

说明:修饰一个名词除了后面用定语从句以外,还可以用非谓语动词形式:doing短语,done短语,beingdone短语,tobedone短语修饰。其结构和意思如下:

1.被修饰名词+doing短语:正在做….的人/正在发生的事。

2.被修饰名词+done短语:被…..的人/事

3.被修饰名词+beingdone短语:正在被…..的人/事

4.被修饰名词+tobedone短语:将要被…..的人/事

(1)Doyouknowthemantalkingtomysister?

(2)The“crazy”gesture,movingtheindexfingerinacircleinfrontoftheear,means“youhaveaphonecall”inBrazil.

(3)Didyouseethatcarbeingrepaired?

(4)Inacamera,thelensmustbefocusedontheobjecttobephotographed.

(5)Thestudentstoattendthemeetingwillarriveheretomorrow.

(6)GoodsimportedfromabroadarenotalwaysbetterthanthosemadeinChina.

(7)TheYellowRiver,saidtobe“themotherriver”runsacrossChinalikeahugedragon.

总结:以上做定语的那些短语就是英语语法中所说的分词,不定式的各种形式作定语。

1.这些短语作定语应放在被修饰名词的后面。如果单独一个V-ing或V-ed形式作定语,则可以放在被修饰名词前面。

2.分词作定语时,其动作应与全句动作同时发生。V-ing表示主动意义和正在做,V-ed表示被动意义。beingdone表示正在被做的

3.不定式作定语表示将要发生的,tobedone表示将要被做的

情态动词

1.情态动词的推测表达

2.情态动词表达虚拟语气

3.某些情态动词的特殊用法

知识重点与难点总结

知识重点:

情态动词在表达推测意义的句子中的运用:

(一)用情态动词表达事实的推测。can,could,might,may,must可以用来表达对事实的推测。根据说话人对事实的把握性大小,must表示“肯定…”,may/might/can/could表示“可能……”,must只用于肯定句中,may/might的否定式maynot/mightnot表示“可能不……”,而can/could可以用于疑问句,表示“可能,可能……吗?”,其否定式can’t/couldn’t表示“不可能”。用情态动词可以对现在或过去的事实进行推测。对不同的时间内容推测有不同的结构。

(二)对现在的事实进行推测:

主要结构:…must/may/might+动词原形

be+名词/形容词/介词短语

be+doing

例句:

1.YoumustbeJeanne.I’mMathildeLoisel.Weusedtoknoweachotherverywell.

2.Theymustbeinbedalreadyatthistimeofthenight.

3.Theteachermustbejoking.

4.Fredaisn’tinclass.Shemustbesick.

5.Theremustbesomethingwrong.

6.Shemightbeveryclever,butshehasn’tgotmuchcommonsense.

7.Hemaybearrivingthisevening.

8.Hemaybetravelingaroundtheworld.

9.Thekeyscan’tbeintheroom.Ihavejustsearcheditverycarefully.

10.Canthenewsbetrue?

(三)对过去的事实进行推测:结构:情态动词+havedone/been+名词/形容词/介词短语

例句:

1.Mrs.Longmansmusthavebeenaprettygirlinheryouth.

2.Hecouldn’thaveseenAnnayesterday.She’sgoneabroad.

3.IthinkImusthaveleftmyglassesinthelibrary.

4.Hemighthaveoversleptagain.

5.WherecanTomhavegone?

情态动词表达虚拟语气:表达“本来…”,“不然早就…”。这是情态动词的一种虚拟语气用法。表示说话人所讲的与所发生的事实相反。表达了说话人的埋怨,后悔的语气。其结构是在一些情态动词后面加havedone结构。根据要表达的意思,有如下结构:

shouldhavedone/oughttohavedone:本应该……

shouldn’thavedone/oughtn’ttohavedone:本不该……

couldhavedone:本来可以……

needn’thavedone:本来没必要……

wouldliketohavedone:本来很想……

wouldrathernothavedone:本来不愿意……

could/might/havedone:不然早就……

例句:

1.Youshouldn’thavelaughedathismistakes.

2.Youcouldhavetoldusearlier.

3.Ioughttohaveboughtthatdictionarylastweek.

4.Yououghtnottohavespentsomuchtimeinreadingnovels.

5.Weneednothavebeeninatearinghurrytocatchthetrain.

6.Theywouldliketohaveseenthatfilmlastfilm.

7.Ifhehadgivenmehisnumber,Icouldhavetelephonedhim.

8.Theymighthavebeenfrozentodeathbutfortherescueintime.

知识难点:

某些情态动词的特殊用法:

need和dare的两种形式的用法

need和dare可以用做实义动词,后面接不定式(todo)结构,在疑问句和否定句中,加助动词do/does/did/或don’t/doesn’t/didn’t。作为情态动词使用时,主要用于疑问句和否定句中。情态动词needn’t(没有必要,不必)相当于don’thaveto

例句:

1.Itiscold,youneedtowearsomewarmclothes.

2.NeedIstayherewithyouforawhile?Thankyou,youneedn’t.

3.Howdareyouspeaktoparentslikethat?

注意:

句型Idaresay+从句。意思是:我肯定……=I’msure或Thereisnodoubtthat+从句。

例句:

IdaresaythatmyunclewillgetthemoneyifIdie.

will和would

表示“意志”或“愿意”,would则指过去愿意做……

例句:

1.Hesaidthathewouldhelpus.

2.Youmaytelephoneifyouwillacceptthisjob.

would可以表达“过去习惯做……”类似于“usedtodo”

例句:

1.Whenwewerechildren,wewouldgoswimmingeverysummerinthatriver.

表示请求固定的句型:Will/Wouldyoupleasedo…?/Wouldyouliketodo…?

例句:Will/Wouldyoupleasegivehimamessagewhenyouseehim?

shall

1.用于第一,三人称,表示“请求”;“建议”或“推荐”

例句:

1.Shallwestartthemeetingnow?

2.ShallIwatchTVnow?

3.Shallmysoncarrythecaseforyou?

2.用于第二人称,表示“命令,“要求”,“许诺”

例句:

1.Youshalltakewhateveryoulike.

2.Youshallnotgotothepartywithmeifyoumakesomuchnoiseagain.

在表示推测的否定句或疑问句中,常用can/can’t/could/couldn’t表示,意思是:“可能…吗?”;“…不可能…”。而不能使用mustn’t或must等词。

与it有关的主要句型

it强调句型

知识总结归纳:

(一)it用做形式主语或形式宾语:根据句子结构的需要,it用做形式主语或形式宾语,而真正的主语或宾语(todo短语,doing短语,名词性从句)则放在句尾。

主要句型:

It’s+形容词/名词+连词+名词性从句

todosth.

doingsth.

find/make/think/feelit+形容词/名词+连词+名词性从句

todosth.

doingsth.

例句:

1.ItwillbecomemoreandmoreimportanttohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish.

2.It’susualforclosefriendstohavesimilarideasandbeliefs.

3.It’sapitythatIdidn’tthinkofitearlier.

4.It’snousegoingtheresoearly.

5.Outteacherthinksitnogoodlearningwithoutpractice.

6.Didn’tImakeitcleartoyouthatIwasnotcoming?

7.Wefounditstrangethatnoonewouldtakethemoney.

(二)其他句型

1.Ittakes+时间段+sb.+todosth.

2.表示“据说,据报道,/人们认为/相信/建议等

It’ssaidthat…….

It’sreportedthat……

It’sbelieved/thought/suggestedthat……

例句:

1.Itgenerallytakestimetoreachthispoint—beingonthesamewavelength.

2.Itisbelievedthatthetwochildrenwentoffexploring(探险)ontheirownandgetstuckonthecliff.

3.It’ssuggestedthatweshouldhaveameetingtodiscusstheproblem.

4.Itwasoncepredicted(预测)thatBritishandAmericanEnglishwouldbecomeseparatelanguagesfinally.

(三)it在强调句型中:在英语中,为了突出强调句子的某一个成分(谓语除外),达到强调或使听话人特别注意这一部分的目的。便形成了一种强调句型。

Itis/was+被强调的部分+that/who+句子的其他部分。

Itis/wasnotuntil+时间+that+句子的其他部分。

例句:

1.IsawJohnonmywaytoschoolthismorning.

ItwasJohnwho/thatIsawonmywaytoschoolthismorning.

ItwasonmywaytoschoolthatIsawJohnthismorning.

ItwasthismorningthatIsawJohnonmywaytoschool.

2.ItwashisbestsuitthatJohnworetothedancelastnight.

3.Itwasnotuntil1920thatregularradiobroadcastbegan.

4.Itwasthestrangewaythingslookedandsoundedinmyfamiliarroomatnightthatfrightenedmesomuch.

5.Itwasthekindnessandsympathyintheireyesthatpreventedmefromdoingso.

知识难点:

(一)注意强调句型的变形,即以一般疑问句或特殊疑问句的形式出现的强调句型。

1.WhatisitthatJoecan’tfindinthebathroom?

2.WherewasitthatyoumettheforeignguestsfromAustralia?

3.Ican’tquiterememberwhenitwasthatwemarried.

4.Wasitbecausehewasveryillthatheaskedforleave?

(二)是强调句型还是that主语从句或其他复合句

1.ItisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.

2.Itisthesepoisonousproductsthatcancausethesymptomsoftheflu,suchasheadacheandachingmuscles.

3.Itwasalmostteno’clockwhenoursoldierscamebackfromthefront.

4.Wasitinthisplacethatthelastkingdied?

(三)注意强调句型中被强调部分带有定语从句

WasitattheairbattleonJune8,1944,whichwasledbyCaptainJohnsonthatPeterlosthislife.

知识总结归纳

(一)概述:

主语与谓语的一致:在英语表达中,谓语动词的形式要和主语的人称和数保持一致。主要体现在be动词,助动词do,have以及一般现在时态中的动词形式。

谓语动词与主语保持一致的基本原则:语法一致,就近一致和意义一致。

名词或代词做主语有人称和单,复数之分,动词的单数就是第三人称单数形式,而动词的复数形式即动词的原形。

例句:

1.Iamseventeen,andheissixteen.

2.Thereisadeskintheroom,buttherearenochairsinit.

3.Johngetsupatsixo’clockeverymorning.

4.WhatisthelatestnewsabouttheOlympicGames?

5.Thefamilyaresittingatthebreakfasttable.

(二)语法一致:

1.由and连接的两个名词或代词做主语:

(1)这部分主语表示的是两个人或两件不同的事物,谓语动词用复数形式。

例句:

①MybrotherandIhavebothseenthatfilm.

②BothriceandwheataregrowninthispartofChina.

③Thepoetandthenovelistwerebothpresentatthemeeting.

④Reading,writingandarithmeticarecalledthethreeR’s.

(2)这部分主语表示具有两个身份或性质的同一个人或一个完整的事物,谓语动词用单数形式。

例句:

①Theprofessorandwriterisspeakingatthemeeting.

②Warandpeaceisaconstantthemeinhistory.

③Onemoreknifeandforkisneeded.

④Thestatesmanandpoetwasengagedinwarfareallhislife.

⑤Lawandorderhasbeenestablished.

⑥Breadandbutterisourdailyfood.

⑦Fishandchipsisapopularfastfood.

⑧ThestarsandstripesisthenationalflagofU.S.A.

(3)这部分主语前面有each,every,manya,no等修饰时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。

例句:

①Eachdoctorand(each)nursewasgivenanewshirt.

②Nosoundandnovoiceisheard.

③Manyaboyandgirlhasmadethesamemistake.

④Everyminuteandeverysecondisprecious.

2.动名词,不定式,主语从句做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。

例句:

①Readingisagreatpleasureinlife.

②Tolivemeanstocreate.

③Thatweneedmoretimeisobvious.

④Whatisneededisfoodandmedicine.

3.表示时间,金钱,距离,重量的复数名词表示数量做主语时,被视为一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。

例句:

①Threethousandmilesisalongdistance.

②Eighthoursofsleepisenough.

4.不定代词anyone,anything,everyone,everything,someone,something,noone,nothing,eachtheother等做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。

例句:

①Isanybodygoingtotellhimthenews?

②Someonewantstoseeyou.

(三)就近原则

由连词or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,连接的两个名词或代词做主语时,谓语动词和离它最近的哪个名词或代词的人称和数一致。

例句:

1.EitheryouorJeanistobesenttoNewZealand.

2.NotonlyhisfamilybutalsohelikesChaplin’smovies.

3.NeitherTomnortheBrownsenjoytheirjourneytoBeijingowingtothebadweather.

4.GeorgeorTomiswanted.

注意:Therebe句型中be的形式由它后面的第一个名词的数决定。

例句:

1.Therearen’tanylettersinthemailforyoutoday.

2.Thereisalamp,twopensandthreebooksonthedesk.

3.Herearesomeenvelopesandpaperforyou.

名词后面带有with,alongwith,togetherwith,besides,except,but,like,including,aswellas,ratherthan短语共同做主语时,谓语动词与这些短语前面的那个名词的数一致。

例句:

1.Allbutonewereherejustnow.

2.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooksisofferedtothatnationasagift.

3.Anexpert,togetherwithsomeassistants,wassenttohelpinthiswork.

4.YouaswellasIarewrong.

(四)意义一致

1.代词none,neither,all的不可数形式还是复数形式由它们指的内容决定

例句:

(1)Allhopehasgone.

(2)Allareagreedonthispoint.

(3)—Isthereanymilkinthefridge?—No,thereisnone.

(4)Nonehasreturnedfromthemeeting.

2.集合名词group,class,family,army,enemy,team等名词的单,复数形式根据它们强调的内容而定。

例句:

(1)Theclasswereallcheerful.

(2)Theteamweretakingoversomenewplays.

(3)Thegrouparereadingthenewspapers.

(4)Thearmyisgoingtoremaininthistown.

(5)Thearmyhaverescuedthetravelers.

3.限定词短语allof…;noneof…;alotof…;以及分数/百分数+of….修饰名词构成的名词短语做主语时,谓语动词的形式由of后面的名词形式决定。

例句:

(1)Noneofthesesuggestionsareveryhelpful.

(2)Idon’tthinkanyofuswantstoworktomorrow.

(3)Two-fifthsofthestudentsintheclassarefromArabic-speakingcountries.

难点突破

1.主谓一致的考查主要体现在单项选择和短文改错两个题型中。同学们在练习和应试时,遇到这样的题时,要牢记主谓一致的三个基本原则。一定要根据句子内容抓住关键的主语部分。同时还要考虑句子的时态和语态。

2.oneof+复数名词做定语从句的先行词时,定语从句中的谓语动词与复数名词一致。theonlyoneof+复数名词做定语从句的先行词时,定语从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。

例句:

Jimwasoneoftheboyswhowerelateforclass.

Jimwastheonlyoneoftheboyswhowaslateforclass.

免责声明:本站发布的教育资讯(图片、视频和文字)以本站原创、转载和分享为主,文章观点不代表本网站立场。

如果本文侵犯了您的权益,请联系底部站长邮箱进行举报反馈,一经查实,我们将在第一时间处理,感谢您对本站的关注!