小学英语单词:副词的用法
1.副词的用法:
(1)修饰动词:Heworkshard.Hespeaksslowly.
(2)修饰形容词:Theflowerisverybeautiful.
(3)修饰其他副词:Heworksveryhard.
(4)修饰名词:Evenachild(orEvenhe)candoit.
(5)修饰全句:Probablyhewillcomeback.
(6)修饰副词片语:Hecameexactlyattwooclock.
(7)修饰副词子句:Hestartedsoonafterwecame.
2.副词的位置
(1)副词修饰形容词、副词(片语或子句)时,通常放在前面。
Themountainisverybeautiful.
Hecamelongbeforetheappointedtime.
(2)修饰动词的副词
不及物动词+副词Shespeakswell.
及物动词+受词+副词ShespeaksEnglishwell.
(3)表确定时间或场所的副词,通常放在句首或句末,放在句首时语气较强。
ShewasborninTaipeiin1948.
(4)always,never,often,sometimes,usually等频率副词的位置。
(A)在一般动词前:Theyalwayssayso.
(B)有动词be时,在be动词后:Iamalwaysbusy.
(C)有助动词时,在助动词和本动词间:Thisjobwillneverbefinished.
(5)置于句首修饰全句:Fortunatelyhesucceededintheexamination.
(6)同类两个以上的副词须依(单位较小者+单位较大者)的顺序排列。
HelivesatTaichung,inTaiwan,RepublicofChina.
(7)有两个以上不同种类的副词修饰语时,其顺序为:地点+状态+次数+时间。
Shearrivedtheresafelytheotherday.
3.时间副词
(1)Time时候:可以用作when的答语,如:late(=atalatetime),now(=atthistime),presently(=atthepresenttime),then(=atthattime),just,nowadays,today,etc.
Ivejustheardthatyouareleavingus.(=atthisverymoment)
Nowadays,manyteenagershavelonghair.(=atthepresenttime)
注:两个以上表时间的副词须依单位小的时间+单位大的时间排列。
IllseeyouatnineonMonday.
(2)Duration期间:用来作howlong的答语,如:
momentarily,temporarily,formanyweeks,long,fromMaytillAugust,etc.
Hashebeenilllong?Yes,hehasbeenillsincetheendofMay.
Hewasawayfromschool(for)fourorfiveweeks.
(3)Frequency频率:用来作howoften的.答语,可分两种:
(A)非限定频率:always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,ever,etc.
Thesunalwaysrisesintheeast.Mybrotherrarelywritestome.
(B)限定频率:daily,hourly,monthly,annually,twice,everyday,once,etc.
IhavebeeninSingaporeonce.
WehaveEnglishlessonseveryotherday.
注:以上三种时间副词在一起时,其顺序为期间+频率+时间。
Iwasthereforadayorsoeveryyearduringmychildhood.
注:Seldom,rarely,never等有否定意义的频率副词置于句首,要将助动词或be动词放在主词之前。
Seldomdowehearsuchfinesingingfromschoolchoirs.
4.地方副词:表示where?的副词,也包括动态方向的副词,如:
below,by,down,elsewhere,far,here,home,in,locally,near,off,opposite,out,around,away,back,outward(s),right,sideway(s),upward(s),etc.
(1)地方副词通常置于句尾,加强语气时可放在句首。
Helivesinasmallvillage.Theyarenotthere.
(2)两个地放副词并列时,地方确定的副词在后面,地方不确定的副词在前面。
Thechildrenrunningaroundupstairs.
(3)两个以上的地方副词须依小地方+大地方的顺序排列。
ManypeopleeatinrestaurantsinLondon.
5.几个特殊副词的用法:
(1)enough,too,
(A)enough放在所修饰的形容词和副词后面;too放在形容词和副词前面。
Shesoldenoughtodosomework.
Shestoooldtodoanywork.
(B)tooto+动词太而不能,enoughto+动词足够可以(=sothat)
Iamtoopoortoaffordsuchextravagance.
=IamsopoorthatIcannotaffordsuchextravagance.
Youarerichenoughtokeepamaid.
=Youaresorichthatyoucankeepamaid.
(2)very,much,
(A)very修饰形容词,副词;much(或verymuch)修饰动词。
Hespokeverycarefully.
Itismuchtalkedaboutthesedays.
(B)Very修饰原级形容词及副词;much修饰比较级,最高级的形容词及副词。
ourworkisverygood.
Thisismuchbetter.
Thisismuch(byfar)thebest.
(3)already,yet,still,
(A)Already用于肯定句,作已经解;yet用于否定句,作还解,用于疑问句作已经解。
Ialreadylikehim.(=Ihavebythistimecometolikehim.)
Hecantdriveyet.(=Hecantdriveuptothistime.)
注:Already用在疑问句或否定句时,表惊讶。
Haveyoualreadyseenhim?(=Thatwasquick.)
(B)Still表动作或状态的持续,作仍然解。
Istilllikehim.(=Icontinuetolikehim.)
注:Still放在动词前后,有时句意不同。
Heisstillstanding.(continuetostand)
Heisstandingstill.(=standingmotionless)
(4)only和also常随句中位置的变动,句意和语气也会改变。
OnlyJohnphonedMarytoday.
JohnphonedonlyMarytoday.
JohnphonedMaryonlytoday(todayonly)。
(5)just,merely,purely,simply等字放在所修饰的词语之前;alone则放在其后。
YoucangetaBgradejust(merely,purely,simply)forthatanswer.
YoucangetaBgradeforthatansweralone.
6.副词应注意的事项:
(1)有些字可当形容词又可当副词,例如:early;past;half;long;straight;fast;hard;quick;deep;slow;pretty;awful;wrong;right;high;late;hourly;early;weekly;etc.
Wehadanearlybreakfast.(形容词)
Wewentbyafasttrain.(形容词)
Wehadbreakfastearly.(副词)
Dontspeaksofast.(副词)
(2)above;then;after;up;down;away;home等地方或时间副词亦可作形容词。
Theabovestatement(=thestatementwhichisabove)
(3)有些形容词变为副词,可在字尾加ly,也可以不加,不过在字义上不同。
(A)easy安适地;easily容易地;
Standeasy!
Hesnoteasilysatisfied.
(B)clear(=completely完全地;clearly显然地)
Thebulletwentclearthroughthedoor.
Thethievesgotclearlyaway.
(C)high高;highly很;非常
Thebirdsareflyinghigh.
Hewashighlypraisedforhiswork.
(D)Slow和slowly当副词时同义,但slow比slowly语气强。
Itoldthedrivertogoslow(er)。
Driveslowlyroundthesebendsintheroad.
(E)hard辛苦地;hardly几乎不
Heworkshard.(=Heisahardworker.)
Hehardlydoesanythingnowadays.(=Hedoesverylittlenowadays.)
(F)just刚才;仅;justly公正地
Ivejustseenhim.
Hewasjustlypunished.
(G)late迟;lately(=recently)最近地
Hewenttobedlate.
IhaventseenMr.Greenlately.
(H)Pretty(=fairly,moderately)十分,颇;prettily(=inaprettyway,attractively)漂亮地
Thesituationseemsprettyhopeless.
Shewasprettilydressed.
(I)near接近地;nearly几乎
Thetimefortheexaminationisdrawingnear.
Inearlymissedmytrain.
注:formally和formerly是分别由形容词formal正式的,former以前的加ly形成的副词。
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