2018年大学英语四级阅读理解模拟试题4

　　2018年大学英语四级阅读理解模拟试题4

　　测试吸烟

　　PsychologistGeorgeSpilichandcolleaguesatWashingtonCollegeinChestertown,Maryland,decidedtofindoutwhether,asmanysmokerssay,smokinghelpsthemto“thinkandconcentrate.”Spilichputyoungnon-smokers,activesmokersandsmokersdeprived(被剥夺)ofcigarettesthroughaseriesoftests.Inthefirsttest,eachsubject(试验对象)satbeforeacomputerscreenandpressedakeyassoonasheorsherecognizedatargetletteramongagroupingof96.Inthissimpletest,smokers,deprivedsmokersandnonsmokersperformedequallywell.Thenexttestwasmorecomplex,requiringalltoscansequencesof20identicallettersandrespondtheinstantoneoftheletterstransformedintoadifferentone.Non-smokerswerefaster，butunderthestimulationofnicotine(尼古丁),activesmokerswerefasterthandeprivedsmokers.Inthethirdtestofshort-termmemory,non-smokersmadethefewesterrors,butdeprivedsmokerscommittedfewererrorsthanactivesmokers.Thefourthtestrequiredpeopletoreadapassage,thenanswerquestionsaboutit.Non-smokersremembered19percentmoreofthemostimportantinformationthanactivesmokers,anddeprivedsmokersbestedthosewhohadsmokedacigarettejustbeforetesting.Activesmokerstendednotonlytohavepoorermemoriesbutalsohadtroubleseparatingimportantinformationfrominsignificantdetails.“Asourtestsbecamemorecomplex.”SumsupSpilich,“non-smokersperformedbetterthansmokersbywiderandwidermargins”Hepredicts,“smokersmightperformadequatelyatmanyjobs-untiltheygotcomplicated.Asmokingairlinepilotcouldflyadequatelyifnoproblemsarose,butifsomethingwentwrong,smokingmightdamagehismentalcapacity.”

　　这是一篇说明文，讲的是关于测试吸烟是否有助于思考和集中精力的实验。

　　1.ThepurposeofGeorgeSpilich'sexperimentsis_______.

　　A)totestwhethersmokinghasapositiveeffectonthementalcapacityofsmokers

　　B)toshowhowsmokingdamagespeople'smentalcapacity

　　C)toprovethatsmokingaffectspeople'sregularperformance

　　D)tofindoutwhethersmokinghelpspeople'sshort-termmemory

　　2.GeorgeSpilich'sexperimentwasconductedinsuchawayasto_______.

　　A)compelthesubjectstoseparatemajorinformationfromminordetails

　　B)putthesubjectsthroughincreasinglycomplextests

　　C)checktheeffectivenessofnicotineonsmokers

　　D)registerthepromptresponsesofthesubjects

　　3.Theword“bested”(Line3,Para.5)mostprobablymeans_______.

　　A)beatB)enviedC)caughtupwithD)madethebestof

　　4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

　　A)Activesmokersingeneralperformedbetterthandeprivedsmokers.

　　B)Activesmokersrespondedmorequicklythantheothersubjects.

　　C)Non-smokerswerenotbetterthanothersubjectsinperformingsimpletasks.

　　D)Deprivedsmokersgavetheslowestresponsestothevarioustasks.

　　5.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthat_______.

　　A)smokersshouldnotexpecttobecomeairlinepilots

　　B)smokinginemergencycasescausesmentalillness

　　C)noairlinepilotssmokeduringflights

　　D)smokersmayproveunequaltohandingemergencycases

　　参考答案及解析

　　1、[答案及分析]：[A]事实辨认题，依据是第1段的两句话。

　　2、[答案及分析]：[B]本题问G有S的实验是以下列哪种方式进行的。文章第2段说thefirsttest是simpletest,第3段开头说第2个实验morecomplex，最后一段开头说“随着测试逐渐变得复杂，不吸烟的人越来越比吸烟者做得好”，由此可见GeorgeSpilich进行这种测试时以由易到难的顺序进行的。因而B项正确。

　　3、[答案及分析]：[A]词义推断题。我们可以看出该被要求推断词义的词所在的上下文意为：没有被允许吸烟的人忧于那些在测试前片刻吸过烟的人。best在此句中是动词，意思应该是“优于、超过”。而四个选项的意思分别是：beat(击败，战胜)catchupwith(赶上)makethebestof(充分利用)。可以看出,best和beat意思最为接近。

　　4、[答案及分析]：[C]根据第2段第2句可知C项正确：另外根据倒数第2段的后两句、第3段第2句可知A、B、D均不正确。

　　5、[答案及分析]：[D]与本题有关的信息在最后一段两句：Spilich认为，吸烟者能胜任并不复杂的工作，但不能胜行复杂的任务。一个吸烟的飞行员不出现任何问题时能称职也驾驶飞机飞行。但是一旦出现问题，吸烟就会损害他的大脑工作能力。

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