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怎么选用名词性从句的关系词

发表时间:2024-07-14 20:04:25 来源:网友投稿

1、名词性从句中连接词的运用

名词性从句中的连接词有连词that/whether/asif,连接代词what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever,连接副词where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever.

(1)that的用法.

①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略.如:

ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall.

Theproblemisthatwedon’thaveenoughmoney.

SheexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaoneday.

②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省,在以下几种情况中that不能省略:(A)当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时,that不可省略;(B)当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时,that不能省;(C)当that作介词宾语时,that不可省掉.如:

Hejudgedthat,becausehewasachild,hedidnotunderstand

wine

Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.

Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.

③that从句作主语和宾语时,可以用it来替换成以下几种结构表达.

(A)Itisclear/certain/likely/true/surprisingthat…(B)Itisapity/shame/goodidea/nowonderthat...(C)Itissaid/reported/believed/known/thought/suggestedthat…(D)Itseems/happensthat.如:

IthappenedthatIwentoutlastnight.

ItissaidthatChinawillwinintheWorldCup.

④that和what的区别.

that引导名词性从句时,在主从句中不以当任何句子成分,也没有任何含义;而what引导名词性从句时,在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分,what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词+关系代词即常说的先行词+that.如:

It’sshamethathehasmadesuchamistake.Dowhathesays.

⑤同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别.

同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不担当任何句子成分;而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语,宾语与先行词有修饰关系.如果句子是同位语从句,就应用连词that而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容,如以下名词:news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等,而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰.如:

TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(同位语从句)

ThehopesheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(定语从句)

(2)whether和if的用法.

①whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换,但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether.如:

Italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.

②后面直接跟ornot时用whether.如:

Ididn’tknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan.

③主语从句表语从句中只能用whether.如:

Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.

Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney.

④whether可以引导同位语从句,用以说明前面的名词的内容,if不能.如:

Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecando

itornot.

⑤whether常与or连用表示一种选择,if不能这样用;whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能.如:

Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimpor-

tant.

Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.

⑥间接引语位于句首时或者是间接引语提前时用whether不用if.如:

Thankyou,butwhetherI’llbefreeI’mnotsureatthemoment.

⑦whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”,而if不能.如:

Whetherhecomesornot,wewillbeginourpartyontime.

(3)疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别.

①疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句,在主从句中要充当一定的部分.如:

Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.

Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.

②疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句.如:

Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished,

Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.

③nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句.如:

Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.

Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.

(4)when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别.

when和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词,则when和where引导的是定语从句,否则则为同位语从句.如:

Theyputforwardthequestionwheretheycouldgetthemoney.

Thisistheplacewheretheaccidenthappened.

2、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致

(1)宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致,但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象,虽然主句是过去时态,从句仍用一般现在时.如:

Hello,Ididn’tknowyouwereinLondon.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?

Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsataveryhighspeed.

(2)主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语,谓语动词用单数,如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数;由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句,谓语动词用单数.如:

Whenthemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecidedyet.

Whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.

Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecided.

3、名词性从句的词序

名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序.如:

Heaskedmewhatwasthematterwithme.

We’veheardthenewsthatwe’llmoveintothenewhouse.

Whateveryousaywillinterestusall.

二、精典名题导解

选择填空

1.Acomputercanonlydo________youhaveinstructedittodo.(NMET2001)

A.howB.afterC.whatD.when

解析:答案为C.本题考查的是名词性从句作宾语的用法.此句的引导词既作连词又在宾语从句中充当一成分,故what最合适.

2.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek..

—Isthat_________youhadafewdaysoff?(NMET99)

A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where

解析:答案为A.此题考查的是从句的用法.根据题意“我上周开车去珠海看航空展去了.”下面一句接着问:“那就是你为什么离开的原因吗?”故用why引导表语从句表示原因.

3.Ihate__________whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.(NMET98)

A.itB.thatC.theseD.them

解析:答案为A.本题考查的是形式宾语的用法.题意为“我讨厌人们谈话时嘴里塞满东西”.该空白处没有任何含义,而且已经用了when连接该宾语从句,所以此处只填一个形式宾语it.

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