如何用英文简单地介绍关羽的形象以及地位

《三国演义》一书中作者罗贯中着力将关羽这个人物形象刻画成继温侯吕布后的三国武艺第一人.斩华雄（孙坚杀的）、诛文丑（曹操杀的）等战绩都罩在关羽这个人物形象上。且描写极为生动，“温酒斩华雄”等故事流传千古。此种形象颇有“武圣”之风。

但是很多人对演义中的关羽提出疑问。首先关羽温酒斩华雄，华雄到底是个什么人物？在历史上，无疑是董卓的大将。问题是在三国演义中，华雄算不上个人物。虽然在关羽斩华雄之前对华雄将军大肆描写，如败孙坚、斩二将等，但仍不能突出华雄有多厉害。因为这三个人都不是现今人们眼中像张辽、甘宁一样的英雄人物形象，大家对于这三个人物了解甚少。而且历史上又是孙坚杀的华雄，所以在人们心目中就很难形成华雄打败大将的战例，也就难以树立华雄在人们心目中的大将形象，哪怕是艺术形象都很难。

但罗贯中的本意当然是旨在塑造关羽这位英雄形象。在这里他用了“温酒斩华雄”这个故事，就充分地体现了关羽的能力，在当时达到了作者想要的艺术效果。只是在现在效果并不是很好。原因放在后面说。

在关羽斩颜良文丑的时候，也描写得给后人留下疑问。

在关羽斩文丑前，文丑的好兄弟颜良被关羽所杀，文丑大怒道要为兄弟

报仇。但打起来时却心中祛懦，打了三个回合就拔腿跑了。首先这是一个矛盾，其次关羽凭借赤兔良马，背后赶上一刀斩下，有人说这并不能显示关羽比文丑的武力高，这只能算关羽偷袭。

首先文丑是袁绍手下顶尖大将，又报仇之心急切，再加上战关羽之前射伤张辽、打败徐晃的描写，已经非常突出地显示文丑的能力了。然后又写到文丑和关羽战三回合，“心中祛懦,意思是文丑意识到自己不如关羽.因为前面颜良败给关羽已经在文丑心中形成阴影,所以自己也没多大把握,这时一试,发现关羽刀法非常厉害,所以自认为打不过就跑了.然后被关羽一刀干掉.这是罗在描写关羽要强于文丑,但又不愿过分拉大二人的差距,所以就写了这么一出.因为前面写了文丑射伤张辽,而关羽又曾经在徐州战吕布时对张飞说过张辽武功不在我二人之下的话,所以如果关二爷比文丑强很多的话,那就和前面矛盾了.

斩颜良这一段有历史记载.还是先说演义.很多朋友又说关羽这里是偷袭,或说是赤兔马的功劳，不是关羽的功劳.颜良正要关羽报上姓名，结果却被关羽一刀杀了，这又是描写的什么？先描写了颜良二十合败徐晃，又说关羽一刀将颜良砍了，那如此类推，难道关羽就可以一刀砍死像徐晃这样的大将？当然不是。

毕竟不能生硬地描写道“关羽冲下去，与大将颜良大战多少回合，斩其首而还”，另一方面，也不能过分拉大二人的差距。

首先还是给描写关羽的神勇做铺垫，宋宪、魏续两位曾经吕布麾下的勇将，二人被颜良秒杀；既而二十合败徐晃，“诸将栗然”。然后直接描写关羽，“关公奋然上马，倒提青龙刀，跑下山来，凤目圆睁，蚕眉直竖，直冲彼阵。河北军如波开浪裂，关公径奔颜良。”这一段描写得极为生动，尤其是“河北军如波开浪裂”，场面气势恢弘。但，又有一个问题，“波开浪裂”到底是袁绍军自己让路呢？还是关羽冲阵杀开的呢？

作为历史显然是自己让的。两军交战先是武将单挑，之前还要报姓名。作为历史小说，若没有明确说明，则要符合历史。这里仍没有直接写关羽的神武，但是描写到了关羽的勇气胆识，也就侧面描写了关羽的能力。孤身一人冲进百万雄师中，毫不犹豫，这是和等的大气，哪里让人想到“偷袭”二字！只是今人读古文不够熟练罢了。所以我认为罗贯中的本意应该是：颜良想让停一下（这是规矩），可这话还没说出口，而关羽速度相当快（包括刀法），颜良还来不及抵挡，就被斩杀。就是在颜良没做好充分准备（或说未尽全力）时，他是打不过关羽的。那么作好准备了呢？没人知道了。

值得注意的是，三国志中记载的关羽斩颜良并没有说是一刀解决问题，只是描写到“策马刺良于万众之中，斩其首还，绍诸将莫能当者”。

这里有几个问题。

第一刺良，用的是“刺”字（《三国志》）。“刺”是枪、戟一类武器的攻击方法，那关羽怎么用“刺”字？当然刺可以理解为刺杀、击杀。我看过一些资料和评论，说大刀这种兵器是宋朝才有的，当时流行的是长枪、长戈、战戟，再就是短刀和剑了。所以关羽当时应该是拿这些武器，而非现在所说的“青龙偃月刀”，这就又是一个问题了。

第二斩其首还，用的“斩”字（《三国志》），说明还是带了刀的。既然这里是用了“斩”，那么前面的“刺’字也应该是细节描写，前后照应，更证明关羽历史上拿的枪、戟之类的武器。

第三颜良是袁绍手下的猛将，颜良都被关羽打败了，诸将就“莫能当”了。如果“当”一字理解为阻拦，那么“诸将莫能当者”就是说袁绍的将领们都去拦关羽，结果都没拦住，这也充分体现了关羽非凡的勇武。

第四就是区别演义的“秒杀”和现在很多人所说的“偷袭”。

综合一下无论是关羽温酒斩华雄，还是斩颜良、诛文丑，都是罗贯中为了塑造艺术形象而描写的，其目的都是突出关羽的勇武，而本意绝非是偷袭。为什么会有这种误解呢？我认为，古代的读书人熟读文言文，这部小说为半文言文、半白话文形式，对于当时的人们来说是非常好懂的。关羽历来是忠义的象征，而且从宋朝起，人们将关羽当作神来膜拜，在人们心目中的地位相当崇高，所以罗贯中这样描写当时人们是不可能理解为“偷袭”的。

RomanceoftheThreeKingdomsbyLuoGuanzhongbookwillfocusonthecharactersdescribeGuanYuChengJiSwinhoeLvbuafterthefirstthreeskills.Huaxiongchopped(SunJiankilling),ZhuWenChou(thekillingCaoCao),allrecordGuanYuinthehoodontheimages.Andextremelyvividdescription,WenliquorchoppedHuaxiongthestoryspreadthroughtheages.Thisimage,quiteWuSheng,thewind.

However,manypeopleintheKingdomsofGuanYuquestioned.Firstofall,GuanYuWenliquorchoppedHuaxiong,HuaxiongintheendiswhatpeopleInhistory,isthegeneralDongZhuo.Thequestionis,intheRomanceoftheThreeKingdoms,Huaxiongwerenotreallypersonal.AlthoughthechoppedHuaxiongGuanYuHuaXiongbeforetheGeneralwantonlydescription,suchasthedefeatSunJian,thetwowillbechopped,butnotoutstandingHuaxiongmoreformidable.BecausethethreeindividualstodayarenottheeyesofpeoplelikeZhangLiao,Gansu,Ningxia,liketheheroimage,forallthethreecharacterspoorlyunderstood.Moreover,historyisthescrappingoftheSunJianHuaXiong,inthemindsofthepeopleitwillbedifficulttoformHuaxiongdefeatedgeneralsoftheexamples,itdifficulttoestablishHuaxiongpeopleintheeyesofthegeneralimage,eventheartisticimageofitisverydifficult.

LuoGuanzhongofcourse,buttheintentionistoshapetheheroicimageofGuanYu.Hereheusedthetermwine-choppedHuaxiongThisstory,fullyembodiesthecapacityofGuanYu,atthetimetheauthorwantedtoachievetheartisticeffect.Onlynow,theeffectisnotverygood.Onthereasonsbehindthat.

GuanYuchoppedYanliangwenchouintime,alsodescribedinleavingfuturegenerationstodoubt.

GuanYuchoppedinWenchouago,thegoodbrotherYanLiangWenChouwaskilledbyGuanYu,WenchoudanuRoadforbrothers

Revenge.Butfightagain,buttheheartsofNuocured,playedthreeroundsonBatuiran.Firstofallthisisacontradiction,followedbyvirtueofGuanYu-ChiMarabbitbehindtocatchupwithYidaozhanxia,somepeoplesaythatthisdoesnotshowthatGuanYuWenChouthantheuseofforce,thisattackcanonlybeGuanYu.

Firstofall,WenChouYuanShaoishistopgenerals,revengeheartofurgency,coupledwiththewarwoundedbeforeGuanYuZhangLiao,defeatXuHuang'sdescription,hasbeenveryprominentlydisplayedtheabilityoftheWenchou.AndthenwroteandGuanYuWenChouwarthreerounds,curedtheheartsofNuo,meaningthatasGuanYuWenChouawareoftheirown.YanlianglostbecauseinfrontofGuanYuWenChouhasbeeninthemindsofashadow,itselfnotmuchgrasp,ThenatryandfoundthatGuanYuDaofaverypowerful,sincethatfight,however,runthe.AndthengetridofGuanYuYiDao,whichisdescribedinLuoGuanYustrongerthanWenchou,buttheydonotwanttoover-wideningThegap,soontowritesuchaone.WenchousincewrittenashotinfrontofZhangLiao,GuanYuandonceinXuzhouduringthewarLvbuZhangliaoZhangsaid,Iamnotthetwopowersunder,Therefore,iftheCommissionerofEryestrongerthanmanyoftheWenchou,andtheninfrontofthecontradictions.

TsamYanLiangThisisaperiodofhistoricalrecords.Kingdomsorgofirst.GuanYualsosaidthatmanyofmyfriendshereisattack,orthattheredrabbit-credit,thecreditisnotGuanYu.YanLiangGuanYuwasgoingonthename,buttheresultsGuanYuYiDaowaskilled,thisisthedescriptionofwhatFirstdescriptionofthe20defeatedXuHuangYanLiang,saidGuanYuYanLiangYiDaowillbecut,andsoon,areGuanYucanbehackedtodeathlikeXuHuangYiDaosuchgeneralsOfcoursenot.

Afterall,notstiffdescribes,GuanYu-go,andthenumberofgeneralsYanliangRoundofWorldWarII,andalsocutitsfirst,ontheotherhand,cannotbetoomuchofthewideninggapbetweenthetwo.

Firstofall,ortodescribetheShenYongGuanYuZuopuDian,SONGXian,WeiaddedtwohaveLvbuunitofYongjiang,TheywereYanliangmiaosha;Jierlost20ofXuHuang,ZhuJiangLiRan.Then,directlyaboutGuanYu,KuanKungFen-ranlaunched,invertedtoQinglongDao,randownthemountain,Fengmuyuanzheng,silkwormeyebrowsZhishu,HebillowedintotheRUF.HebeiArmyasawave-splitting,KuanKungJingbenYanLiang.Describedinthisparagraphisextremelyvivid,especiallytheHebei-suchasthemilitarycrackedopenwave,thescenemomentumqualities.However,anotherproblem,wave-wavesplitopenintheendtomakewayitistheYuanShaojunownGuanYuChongRUFkilloropenit

Ashistory,isobviouslyofitsownso.Thewarringarmies,first武将singled,evenbeforethereportedname.Asahistoricalnovel,ifnotclearlystatethathistorywillhavetomeet.HerearestillnotdirectlywritetheGuanYuJinmu,buttodescribethecourageofcourageGuanYu,alsodescribedasideofthecapacityofGuanYu.IntoBaiwanxiongshialone,withouthesitation,andthisissuchastheatmosphere,wherepeoplethinkofsurpriseattackin!Ancientmodernpeopleonlyreadjustnotenoughskilled.So,IthinkLuoGuanzhong'sintentionshouldbe:YanLiangwanttostop(thisistherules),cannotsaythis,exports,andGuanYuatafairlyrapidpace(includingDaofa),YanLiangalsocouldnotresist,itwasZhansha.Thatis,inYanLiangdidnotmakefullpreparations(orthatlackofdiligence),heisplayingtheGuanYu,however.SoithastoprepareNooneknows.

ItisworthnotingthattheThreeKingdomsrecordedinthechoppedYanLiangandGuanYudidnotsayisYidaosolvetheproblem,onlytodescribestrategyinthelong-SanAntonio,alsocutitsfirst,theZhujiangNeshomonensinwhenthose.

Hereareafewquestions.

First,thethorn-liang,usingathornword(ThreeKingdoms).Thornisthegun,Jiaclassofweaponsofattackmethods,GuanYuhowthethornwordOfcourse,thethorncanbeunderstoodastheassassination,Jisha.IhavereadsomeoftheinformationandcommentsthatsuchweaponsarekniveshavetheSungDynasty,whenthegunsarepopular,ZhangGe,Jiwar,andThenthereDuandaoJianhas.SoGuanYuatthattimeshouldbewiththeseweapons,insteadoftalkingaboutTsingLungYanYuedao,whichisalsoaproblem.

Second,alsocutitsfirstuseofchoppedword(ThreeKingdoms),orwithadescriptionoftheknife.Sincethisisachopped,theninfrontofthethorn'wordsshouldalsobeaboutthedetails,beforeandaftertheReference,thatthehistoryofGuanYuwiththegun,Jisuchweapons.

Third,underYuanShaoYanLiangistheMengjiang,YanLiangGuanYuwasdefeated,Zhujiangmonensinwhen.Ifthewhenthewordunderstoodtostop,thenZhujiangmonensinwhenthatistosay,YuanShao'sgeneralshavetostopGuanYu,resultsnotstopped,thisalsofullyembodiestheextraordinaryGuanYuYongWu.

Fourth,isthedifferencebetweentheKingdomsMiaoshaandmanypeoplesaidthesurpriseattack.

Comprehensiveclick,whetherGuanYuWenHuaXiongliquorchopped,orchopYanLiang,ZhuWenChou,LuoGuanzhongaretoshapetheimageanddescriptionofart,itspurposeisthehighlightGuanYuYongWu,andisnotintendedattack.Whyistheresuchamisunderstanding?IthinkthatthestudyofancientpeoplefamiliarizeclassicalChinese,thenovelassemi-classicalChinese,half-vernacularforms,thenpeopleareverygoodunderstand.GuanYuhasalwaysbeenasymbolofloyalty,butalsofromtheSongdynasty,thepeopleofGodtobeworshippedasGuanYu,intheeyesofthepeopleratherloftystatus,LuoGuanzhongthisisnotpossiblewhenpeopledescribeassurpriseattack.