如何判断定语从句中的引导词做什么成分

定语从句中关系副词的用法

关系副词,顾名思义,是联系先行词和定语从句的词,属于副词.定语从句中的关系副词有三个：when,where和why,它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语.其句法结构如下：

表时间的名词+when+定语从句

when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语.

例句：IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.

I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthearmy.

表地点的名词+where+定语从句

where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语.

例句：Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.

ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.

表原因的名词reason+why+定语从句(why只用于reason之后的限制性定语从句中,在定语从句中作原因状语.)

例句：ThatisthereasonwhyIdidthejob.(在现代英语中why可以省略)

上句也可以这样表示：

ThatisthereasonIdidthejob.

又如：Thiswasthereason(why)weraisedthetemperature.

关系副词在定语从句中的用法看似简单,以下注意点不可忽视：

1）“when”、“where”和“why”的运用取就于表时间的名词、表地点的名词和表原因的名词reason在定语从句中所作的成分,比较下面的几组句子：

*IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstmetyouontheseashore.

*Iwillneverforgetthedayswhich/thatwespenttogetherinXueyaoMiddleSchool.

**Thisisthehospitalwheremymotherworks.

**Thisisthehospitalwhich/thatwevisitedthedaybeforeyesterday.

***Thereasonwhyhedidnotgotoschoolisthathewasill.

***Thisisthereasonwhich/thathegavehisbossintheoffice.

2)“when”、“where”和“why”都可以替换成“介词+which”,介词的选用取就于先行词和定语从句中的动词.例如：

DoyoustillrememberthedayonwhichwefirstmetinNantong?(onwhich=when)

Thisistheroominwhichwelivedlastyear.(inwhich=where)

DoyouknowthereasonforwhichherefusedtogotoMary’sbirthdayparty.(forwhich=why)

有时定语从句中介词短语和动词有意义紧密的修饰关系,尤其在非限制性定语从句中,常使用“介词+which”结构,而不使用关系副词.例如：

Mymotherworksinafactory,infrontofwhichthereisa***allriver.

Atnightthesoldiersgottoa***allhill,atthefootofwhichstoodafarmhouse.

3)关系副词“when”、“where”既可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句.

例如：IwillalwaysrememberthedaywhenIfirstvisitedtheGreatWall.

HecametoShanghaiin1980,whenhewasonly12.

Idon’tknowtheexactspotwheretheywillmeet.

MrWangwillflytoBeijing,wherehewillstayforthreemonths.

有时关系副词“when”、“where”引导的限制性定语从句和先行词有间隔的现象,是为了平衡句子的语法需要.

DoyourememberoneafternoontenyearsagowhenIcametoyourhouseandborrowedadiamondnecklace?

ThedaysaregoneforeverwhentheChinesepeopleused“foreignoil.”.

4)“that”可活用为关系副词,相当于“when,where