掌握一门语言需要多少时间

学习一门语言实际需要花费多久时间？

HowMuchTimeIsItRealistictoLearnaLanguagein?

关于语言学习有很多猜测，甚至有人建议用一夜、一周或者如此类推的时间速成。但是还是让我们实际一点儿。我们先来了解掌握一门语言一般需要花多久时间的一些数据，而不是凭空想象那些速成的、类似于巫术或魔法的方法。我查了ILA网站，以下是达到“欧洲语言教学共同纲领”要求的特定水平所需要的学时：

Therearemanyguessesandpeoplesuggestingyoucanlearnalanguageinanight,aweekorsimilarshortperiodsoftime.Let’sberealisticforabit.Let’slookatsomedataandseewhatitcantellusforifpeopleingeneralneedacertaintimetolearnthelanguage,let’snotassumethatitcanbedonewayfasterwithsomemagicalwoodoo-learningmethods.IwascheckingouttheILAFrancelanguagelistspageandfoundthefollowingestimatesforlearningFrenchtolevelsoftheEuropeanCommonLanguagesFrameworkwhichIhavealreadydescribed.Here’sthetimeneededtoachieveeachlevelfromthestartinFrenchaccordingtothem:

A1–60hours

A2–160hours

B1–310hours

B2–490hours

C1–690hours

C2–890hours

结论达到法语流利需要900学时。按照每天学习3个小时的量计算，是10个月的时间。如果每天学习小时数加倍，则时间相对会缩短。如果你的目标是B2（中级），那么恭喜你，只消三个月你就可以达成目标了。

Thatis,about900hoursandyouareprettymuchfluentinFrenchbytheirstandards.Howmuchisthat?Thatis37full24hourdays.Itismorereasonabletothinkthatapersonwouldstudyalanguageforthreehoursadaysoitwouldtakehimaroundeighttimesthatwhichisalmost10months.Ifyoudoubleittosixhoursaday,youcandoitin5months.Frommyexperience,itisveryhardtopracticethelanguagemorethanthat(andeventhat)inanygivenday,soiftheseestimatesareanygood,itisachievableandmayberealistic,grantedyouarelivinginaFrench-speakingcountry,tobecomefluentinhalfayearorso.IfyouareonlyaimingforB2(B2isprettycommunicative)andyou’regood,youcanachieveitin3months.

相比之下如果在强度不变的前提下，达到任何语言的初级A1水平，只需要60小时。如此一来你可以用精通一门语言的时间学习15门基础的语言。

Bycomparison,ittakesyouonly60hourstogettheverybasicsofit(A1)whichyoucoulddoinabouttwoweeksofpracticingassumingyoudoitwithasimilarintensity.Notbad,60hours,isit?Youcouldlearnthebasicsof15languagesatthesametimeittakesyoutolearnonetofluency!Thatexplainsithowtherearepeoplewhocanseeminglycommunicateinmanylanguages.I,infact,wouldchoosetodosooverthe“fluentinone”thingunlessIreallyneededthatone.

Icheckedthisformy6monthsGreekchallengeandIamaimingatB2(thusmystandardsforfluencyarewaylowerthanthanhaveassumedinthisarticle).I’dneedabout490hoursifGreekcouldbeequatedtoFrenchandthismakesit490/6*30orabout2.75hoursaday.I’mdoingwaylessduringmyfirstfewmonthssoitwillprobablybemorelike4to5hourswhenIaminGreece.Ibelievethatthisnumberisachievableandreasonableintermsofmychallenge,althoughchallenging,whichiswhatIamaimingforinthefirstplace.Ialsoknowsometipsandtricksfrommypreviousexperiencesomaybethatwillreducemyworkload.

数据可靠性验证：wikipedia

Howreliableisthisdata?Well,Wikipediaalsocitesthissite:

DeutscheWelle(sponsoredbytheGermangovernment)suggestsA-1isreachedwithabout75hoursofGermanstudy.A-2.1about150hours.A-2.2about225hours.B1.1about300hours.B1.2about400hours.

德语复杂一些，相比法语要耗时多一些。

Kindofsimilarnumbers,atleastinthebeginning.AlsoitcanbearguedthatGermanisharderthanFrench(forexampleduetonoungenders)–Iknowhowtrickyitistoassertsomethinglikethat–soittakesmoretimetolearnit.Itstillisrelyingonauthorityfortheydonotspecifyexplicitlyonthepageshowtheygotthedatabutthefactthatbothoftheseinstitutionsseemtohavesimilarnumbersandthattheyarebothrespectableinstitutions(fundedbythegovernmentanddoingresearch),Iwouldtendtobelievethattheyareindeedbelievableatleasttosomeextent.

自己做决定。

ThusIcouldsaythatfluencyin6monthsispossibleifyoureallytryveryveryhard.Ayearismorelikelyandyoucanbemorelaid-backandfollowyournaturalstyle,althoughitstillisquiteachallengeforstudyingatleast3hoursadayeverydayisnotthateasy.Fluencyinshorterperiodsisunrealisticaccordingtothedataunlessyouareaimingforlowerlevelsoffluency(likeme,yetIstillhavesixmonths…well,InevertoldyouIwasn’tlazy).Listentothedataornot,that’syourchoice.

其他文章

1.俄罗斯人学法语（英语为第二语言）HowILearnedFrenchinOneYear

2.BecomingfluentinFrenchwithinoneyear

3.AchieveAdvancedFluencyinFrench

4.QUORA-Howmuchtimedoesittakeanaverageadulttolearnanewlanguage?

几点注意：首先参照一个FSI学生在课堂上的学习时间.以上小时数可能在现实学习当中需要乘以1.6或1.8倍来计算准确的学习时间。其次“掌握”指的是“阅读和说话的熟练以及流利程度”，而非母语的熟练程度。