一篇关于跳绳运动的英文介绍

来自维基：

Ajumprope,skippingrope,orskipropeistheprimarytoolusedinthegameofskippingplayedbychildrenandmanyyoungadults,whereoneormoreparticipantsjumpoveraropeswungsothatitpassesundertheirfeetandovertheirheads.Thismayconsistofoneparticipantturningandjumpingtherope,oraminimumofthreeparticipantstakingturns,twoofwhomturntheropewhileoneormorejumps.Sometimesthelatterisplayedwithtwoturningropes;thisformoftheactivityiscalledDoubleDutchandissignificantlymoredifficult.Jump-roperhymesareoftenchantedbeginningwhentheskipperjumpsinandendingwhentheskipperistrippedup.

Incontrasttorunning,jumpingropeisunlikelytoleadtokneedamagesincetheimpactofeachjumporstepisabsorbedbytheballsofbothfeetratherthantheheels.Thisdecreasesthegroundreactionforcesthroughthepatella-femoraljointgreatly.Jumpingropealsohelpsstrengthenthearmsandshoulders.Thiscombinationofanaerobicworkoutandcoordination-buildingfootworkhasmadejumpingropeapopularformofexerciseforathletes,especiallyboxersandwrestlers.Individualsorgroupscanparticipateintheexercise,andlearningproperjumpropetechniqueissimplecomparedtomanyotherathleticactivities.Theexerciseisalsoappropriateforawiderangeofagesandfitnesslevels.Jumpingropeisparticularlyeffectiveinanaerobicroutinecombinedwithotheractivities,suchaswalking,biking,orrunning.

Competition

Ayounggirlplayingonajumprope.Jumpropeisasport,practicedatacompetitivelevelforyoungkidsoradults.Athletescompeteinindividualandteameventsusingsingleropesordouble-Dutch.Infreestyleroutines,jumpershaveasettimelimittodemonstrateacombinationofskills;inmanycompetitionsthesearechoreographedtomusic.Duringthespeedevents,athletestrytocompleteasmanyjumpsaspossiblewithinaparticularamountoftime.Forexample,theworldrecordfor30secondspeedis188jumps.TheFISAC-IRSFWorldJumpRopeChampionshipsisheldinJulyeveryotheryear.In2006Toronto,Canadahostedtheeventandin2008itwasheldinSouthAfrica.The4thAsianRopeSkippingChampionshipwasheldon9February2007attheTalkatoraIndoorStadium,NewDelhi,India.Jumpropeexhibitionsarealsofrequentlystagedateventssuchasfestivals,charityfunctions,andsportinghalf-timeshows.

Thoughmanyonlyseejumpropeasasimple,funactivity,thosefamiliarwithitsdevelopmentofacompetitivesideconsideritasport.Seriousjumpropeathletestrainrigorouslyyear-round.Jumpingropetakesimmensestrength,endurance,focus,andpatience,andcanbemuchmorethanaschoolyardgameofchantingrhymes.

IntheUnitedStates,themainjumpropeorganizationisUSAJumpRope.USAJRiscomposedofhundredsofjumpropingteamsandhundredsofjumpersfromalloverthecountry.Theseteamsattendworkshops,trainingcamps,performforthepublic,andcompeteagainsteachotherthroughouttheyear.USAJumpRopesponsorsvariousregionalcompetitionsandanationalcompetitionatWaltDisneyWorld'sWideWorldofSportsComplexinOrlando,FloridaeveryJune.In2009theCompetitionwasheldinGalveston,Texas.USAJumpRopeNationalsisbroadcastbyESPNannually.Competingteamsconsistofathletesofallages,butaremostcommonlygraduateschooltohighschool-agedindividuals.

HistoricallyintheUnitedStatesthereweretwocompetingjumpropeorganizations:theInternationalRopeSkippingOrganization(IRSO),andtheWorldRopeSkippingFederation(WRSF).IRSOfocusedonstunt-orientedandgymnastic/athletictypejumpropemoves,whiletheWRSFappreciatedtheaestheticsandformofjumproping.In1995thesetwoorganizationsmergedtoformTheUnitedStatesAmateurJumpRopeFederation(USAJRF),whichwasrecentlyrenamedUSAJumpRopetofitthetrendofotherOlympicandOlympic-hopefulsports.

问题：howmanykindsjumpingropetechniquesthereare?

答：

Someofthetechniquesthatcanbeusedwhenjumpingropeare:

Basicjump

Thisiswherebothfeetareslightlyapartandjumpatthesametimeovertherope.Beginnersshouldmasterthistechniquefirstbeforemovingontomoreadvancedtechniques.

Alternatefootjump(speedstep)

Thisstyleconsistsofusingalternatefeettojumpofftheground.Thistechniquecanbeusedtoeffectivelydoublethenumberofskipsperminuteascomparedtotheabovetechnique.

Criss-cross

Thismethodissimilartothebasicjumpwiththeonlydifferencebeingthatwhilejumping,thelefthandgoestotherightpartofthebodyandviceversafortherighthand.

Doubleunder

Toperformadoubleunder,theparticipantneedstojumpupabithigherthanusualwhileswingingtheropetwiceunderhisfeet.Itispossibletohavetheropeswingthreetimesunderthefeet(tripleunder).Infact,incompetitivejumprope,triples,quadruples(quads),andquintuples(quins)arenotuncommon.

Combinationjumps

Therearemanymoredifficultjumpropingtricksthatcombinetwoormoreofthesetechniquestomakeasingletrick.ThesecombinationscanalsobeusedinChineseWheel,DoubleDutch,EggBeater,triangleandLongRope.

Toad

ThetoadisacomplicatedtrickwherethejumperperformstheCrossmanoeuvrewiththeirlegintersectingthearms.

Other

Manyothervariationsarepossible,including:skier,aside-to-sidejumpkeepingthefeettogether;bell,afront-and-backjumpkeepingthefeettogether;scissors,ajumpputtingonefootforwardandtheotherback,thenswitchingback-and-forth;jumpingjack,ajumpputtingthefeetapartandthentogether;andcan-canajumpwithonelegupandbent,followedbyajumpwithbothfeetonground,followedbyajumpkickingthefootout.