有关食品安全的英文论文

Annex3:AgriculturalPolicyandFoodSecurityinChina

中国农业政策与食品安全

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Introduction

Foodsecurityandtheperformanceoftheagriculturalsector

Agriculturaldevelopmentstrategy,policiesandfoodsecurity

China'sfoodeconomyprospects

Issuesandchallenges

ConcludingRemarks

References

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Introduction

China'sefforttoproduceenoughtofeeditsgrowingpopulationhaslongbeenrecognized.Itfeedsoverone-fifthoftheworld'spopulationwithonlyone-fifteenthoftheworld'sarableland.Inrecenthistory,Chinahaseitherexportedfoodorimportedrelativelylittle.Chinawasanetexporteroffood,evenofgrain,inthe1950s.AlthoughChinabecameanetimporterofgraininthe1960s,theshareofnetimportstototaldomesticconsumptionwasmarginal.Netimportsharesreachedapproximatelythreepercentintheearlyreformperiod(1978-84),thendeclinedtoapproximatelyonepercentinthefollowingperiod(1985-90).Chinahassincebecomeanetgrainexporter,exceptin1995whenithadarecordlevelgrainimportsofnearly20milliontons.Netexportsbetween1992and1994wereover5milliontonsannually.

WhileChina'sgrainimportsmaygrowslightlyinthecomingdecades,thenationhasdevelopedastrongpositionasanetexporteroffood(bothgrainandnongrain)invaluetermsbyexportinghighvalue-addedfoodstuffincludinglivestockproductsandotherprocessedfoodsduringthereformperiod.Netfoodexportsgrewto2.3billionUSdollarsin1985andpeakedat6.3billiondollarsin1993,fromastateofbalancedtrade(invalueterms)in1980(ChinaCustomsStatistics).

China'sfuturefoodsecurity,however,isasubjectofgrowingconcern.First,althoughChina'sfoodproductionhasgrownoverthelastseveraldecades,year-to-yearfluctuationsoffoodsupplyandpricesaresignificant.Marketstabilizationandfoodpriceinflationhavebeenamongthemajortargetsofgovernmentpolicysincethelate1980s.TheChinesegovernmentconsidersmaintainingacomparativelyhighleveloffoodself-sufficiency,avoidingsupplyshocks,andstabilizingconsumerprices,amatterofnationalsecurityandstability:

OnlywhentheChinesepeoplearefreefromfoodavailabilityandstabilityoffoodsupplyworriescantheyconcentrateonandsupportthecurrentreform,thusensuringasustained,rapidandhealthydevelopmentoftheeconomy(TheStateCouncil,1996).

Tothisend,thegovernmentrecentlyadoptedmeasurestostabilizedomesticfoodsupplyandstabilizethemarket-thesemeasuresincludeadministrativeandeconomicinterventioninfooddistributionandmarketingsystems,nationalandlocalfoodreserveschemes,priceregulations,internationaltrade,factormarkets,andruralinfrastructuredevelopment.

Secondly,foodsecurityandaccesstofoodaremainlypovertyissues.Althoughnationaleconomicgrowthisstrong,itisunevenacrossregions.Farmer'sincomesinthecentralandeasternregionsofChinacontinuetogrowmorerapidlythanthoseinthewestandsouthwest.Incomeinequalityamongregions,betweenruralandurbanareas,andwithinregionscontinuestogrow(MOA,1997).Intheearly1980s,tremendousprogresswasmadeinaddressingChina'spovertyproblem,mainlyduetothegovernment'sruralreformprogram.However,thisprogresshassloweddownoverthepasttenyears.

Finally,China'sfoodsupplyavailabilitycouldbeamajorfoodsecurityissueinthecomingdecadesifpolicieswerenotformulatedintherightdirections.Worldwide,foodproductiongrowthrateshaveoutpacedpopulationgrowthinrecentdecades,implyingincreasedfood