简单句和复合句之间的转换

一．用“及物动词+不定式”结构可以将含有that引导的某些宾语从句的复合句转换成简单句。例如：

1.   Hedecidedthathewouldbuyadigitalcameraonline.

→Hedecidedtobuyadigitalcameraonline.

2.   Wehopedthatwewouldcomebacksoon.

→Wehopedtocomebacksoon.

3.   IexpectthatIshallfinishmyworkbythisSunday.

→IexpecttofinishmyworkbythisSunday.

二．用“疑问词+不定式“结构可以将某些含有连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句转换简单句。例如：

1. Idon

’tknowwhichoneIcanbuy.

→Idon’tknowwhichonetobuy.

2. Wewonderwherewe

’llgothisSunday.

→WewonderwheretogothisSunday.

3. CouldyoupleaseteachmehowIcansearchtheInternet?

→CouldyoupleaseteachmehowtosearchtheInternet?

三．用“too…to…”结构可以将含有so…that引导的结果语从句(否定)的复合句转成简单句。如：

1.   Theboyissoyoungthathecan

’tlookafterhimself.

→Theboyistooyoungtolookafterhimself.

2.      ThequestionissodifficultthatIcan

’tanswerit.

→Thequestionistoodifficultformetoanswer.

四．用“…enough+不定式”结构可以将含有so…that…引导的结果状语从句（肯定）的复合句转变为简单句。例如：

1.   Thegirlissotallthatshecanreachtheapplesonthetree.

→Thegirlistallenoughtoreachtheapplesonthetree.

2.         Thishallissolargethatitcanhold2000people.

→Thishallislargeenoughtohold2000people.

3.         Thetablewassolightthatthelittleboycancarryit.

→Thetablewaslightenoughforthelittleboytocarry.

五．用“happen+不定式”或“seem+不定式”结构可以分别将“Ithappens

that…”和“Itseems

that…”等含有主语从句的复合句转换为简单句。例如：

1.         Ithappenedthattheteachersawhimplayinginclass.

→Theteacherhappenedtoseehimplayinginclass.

2.         Itseemedthatsharkshavebeenontheearthforthousandsofyears.

→Sharksseemedtohavebeenontheearthforthousandsofyears.

3.         Itseemedthatthiscameraofferedthemostatthebestprice.

→Thiscameraseemedtoofferthemostatthebestprice.

六．用“inorder+不定式”或“soas+不定式”结构可以将含有sothat引导的目的状语从句的复合句转换为简单句。如：

1.         Shedecidedtobuyacameraonlinesothatshecouldreceiveitsoon.

→Shedecidedtobuyacameraonlineinordertoreceiveitsoon.

→Shedecidedtobuyacameraonlinesoastoreceiveitsoon.

2.         IwentovermycompositionagainandagainsothatIcouldn

’tmakeanymistakes.

→Iwentovermycompositionagainandagaininordernottomakeanymistakes.

→Iwentovermycompositionagainandagainsoasnottomakeanymistakes.

3.         MiyokoboughtacamerasothatshecouldtakepicturesinBeijing.

→MiyokoboughtacamerainordertotakepicturesinBeijing.

→MiyokoboughtacamerasoastotakepicturesinBeijing.

七．在某些作表语的形容词后面加不定式可以将某些含有状语从句的复合句转变成简单句。例如：

1.         IwasgladwhenIheardthegoodnews.

→Iwasgladtohearthegoodnews.

2.         Tom

’sparentswereverysurprisedastheyknewallaboutit.

→Tom’sparentswereverysurprisedto knowallaboutit.

八。祈使句+or+简单句可转换为if引导的否定的条件句+主句的句型；祈使句+and+简单句可转换为if引导的肯定的条件句+主句的句型。例如：

     1.Bebrave,oryou'llloseyourchance.→Ifyouaren'tbrave,you'llloseyourchance.

　　2.Comeon,orwe'llmissthe

earlybus.→Ifwedon'thurry,we'llmisstheearlybus.

九定语从句的主从句缩略为简单句为了使表达言简意赅，英语中常用一定的语法手段把句子简缩。定语从句简缩成单词或短语就是其中常见的一种现象。

1

．在主动式定语从句中，如关系代词作从句的主语，谓语是一个行为动词，这时从句常缩略为一个现在分词短语。如：①Themanwhoiswalkingalongthestreetcomes

fromourcompany.→

Themanwalkingalongthestreetcomesfromourcompany.

②Thislens

producesrayswhichconvergetowardsapoint.→

Thislensproducesraysconvergingtowardsapoint.

如果从句的谓语动词后没有作状语的介词短语，由该动词变成的现在分词常置于所修饰的词之前。如：①Thislensproducesrayswhichconverge.→

Thislensproducesconvergingrays.

②The

countrieswhicharedevelopingshouldgetunited.→

Thedevelopingcountriesshouldgetunited.

把定语从句简缩为现在分词短语有以下几种情况：（1）从句的谓语和主句的谓语所表达的时间要一致。如：

Weusedtoliveinthehousewhichfacedsouth.

→

Weusedtoliveinthehousefacingsouth.

（2）从句的谓语动词是进行时态。如：

Cometomorrowandshowyourvisatothemanwhowillbesittingatthatdesk.

→

Cometomorrowandshowyourvisatothemansittingatthatdesk.

（3）从句和主句的谓语所表达的时间都是泛指。如：

Chinaisadevelopingsocialistcountrywhichbelongstothethirdworld.

→

Chinaisadevelopingsocialistcountrybelongingtothethirdworld.

（4）从句谓语动词的动作一发生，主句谓语动词的动作紧接着发生。如：

Themanwhostoleintotheroomwascaughtimmediatelyonthespot.

→

Themanstealingtheroomwascaughtimmediatelyonthespot.

（5）从句谓语动词的动作可发生在主句谓语动词的动作这前。如：

Canyoucatchthebuswhichwillleaveat8thismorning?

→

Canyoucatchthebusleavingat8thismorning?

 2

．在定语从句中，如从句的谓语动词是系动词be的一般现在时或一般过去时，表语是介词短语、形容词短语或名词短语，该从句可以缩略成介词短语、形容词短语或名词短语，作后置定语。如：①Wesawtheglassesthatwereonthetablefall

offontothefloor.→

Wesawtheglassesonthetablefalloffontothefloor.

②Chinais

countrywhichisrichinresources.→

Chinaiscountryrichinresources.

③Theyhad

tofetchwaterfromawellwhichwasamileawayfromthevillage.→

Theyhadtofetchwaterfromawellamileawayfromthevillage.

如果定语从句仅有一个案形容词作表语，从句简缩后，该形容词的位置由其性质而定：若是表语形容词，应放在所修饰的词之后。如：

Allthosewhoarepresentarefromthenorth.

→

Allthosepresentarefromthenorth.

若是定语形容词，则应置于所修饰的词之前。如：

Iwanttheflowerwhichisred.

→

 Iwanttheredflower.

 3

．如定语从句中的谓语动词有表示程度、方式等副词作状语，可把从句缩略为“副词+现在分词”结构作定语，置于所修饰的词前面。副词和现在分词用连字符连起来。如：①Thepeasantswhoworkharddeservesuchrewards.→

Thehard-workingpeasantsdeservesuchrewards.

②Thisisa

riverwhichflowsfast.→

Thisisafast-flowingriver.

4

．如定语从句中的及物动词带有一个普通名词作宾语，可把从句缩略为“名词+现在分词”结构作前置定语。名词和现在分词用连字符连结起来。如：

ThesouthofJiangsuisanareawhichgrowsrice.

→

ThesouthofJiangsuisarice-growingarea.

 Malaysiaisacountrywhichproducesrubber.

→

 Malaysiaisarubber-producingcountry.

 5

．一系列定语从句形容词在定语从句中作表语时，从句可缩略成并列形容词短语作前置定语。如：①Apersonwhoisgentle,lovableandfamiliaris

alwayseasytogetalongwith.→

Agentle,lovableandfamiliarpersonisalwayseasytogetalongwith.

②Marxism

isasciencewhichislivinganddeveloping.→

Marxismisalivinganddevelopingscience.

 6

．如定语从句中的谓语动词与所修饰的词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，从句通常可以缩略成不定式短语，放在所修饰的词之后置定语。如：

Heisagoodpersonwithwhomyoucanwork.

→

Heisagoodpersontoworkwith.

 7

．根据名词或名词短语可作定语的原则，可以把定语从句缩略成名词或名词短语，用于修饰另一个名词。如：

ahousewhichstandsonacorner

→acornerhouse;

 arulerwhichmeasures50centimeters

→a50centimetersruler;

 agardenwhichisfullofflowers

→aflowergarden;

 afactorywhichmakessmallcars

→asmall-carfactory

 8

．如定语从句中的谓语动词have表示“有”的含义，从句可缩略成with短语作后置定语，也可以缩略成“清凉油能+ed”作前置定语。如：

peoplewhohavemoney

→peoplewithmoney或moneyedpeople;agirlwhohasblueeyes→agirl

withblueeyes或ablue-eyedgirl

主动式定语从句在以下几种情况下不通简缩：（1）从句谓语动词的动作发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前（两个动作紧接着发生的情况除外）。如：

ThemanwhogaveusalecturehasleftforShanghai.

（2）从句中含有完成时态。如：

Thosewhohavedonetheworkmaygonow.

（3）从句中含有情态动词。如：

Doyouknowthewomanwhocanspeakfourforeignlanguages?

（4）从句与所修饰的先行词被其它成分隔开。如：

Notasinglebookcanbefoundwhichhassomethingtodowiththesubject.

（5）从句与所修饰的先行词之间有插入成分。如：“Hereistheman,”hesaid,“whosells

newspapers.”

十含状语从句的复合句转换成简单句

　　即将状语从句转换成状语短语。如：

　　Hecan’tcome

becauseheisill.他因病不能来。

　　→Hecan’tcome

becauseofhisillness.他因病不能来。

　　Turnoffthelightbeforeyou

leave.离开前请关灯。

　　→Turnoffthelightbefore

leaving.离开前请关灯。

　　Hewenthomeafterhefinished

hiswork.他做完工作后就回家了。

　　→Hewenthomeafterfinishing

hiswork.他做完工作后就回家了。

　　Hewassoangrythathecouldn’tspeak.他气得话都说不出来。

　　→Hewastooangrytoospeak.他气得话都说不出来。

　　Hestudiedhardinorderthat

hecouldpasstheexam.他努力学习以便能考及格。

　　→Hestudiedhardinorderto

passtheexam.他努力学习以便能考及格。

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