并列式的分句

由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起的句子叫并列句。不同的并列连词表示并列分句之间的不同关系。

分句就是在并列句中，两个并列的句子。也就是有连词连接的两个意思与成分相并列的句子。

一、并列句与逗号“，”。

1. 逗号一般不能独立连接两个或两个以上并列分句。它必须借助并列连词的力量。并列连词如：and, but, or, so, for, yet等可与逗号一起连接并列分句。例如：

We waited for an hour, but our bus did not come.我们等了一小时，但我们的汽车没来。

A freshman should study regularly, or he may have to repeat a course.一年级学生要按部就班地学习，否则就会留级。

I am interested in your program, and I’m going to help you.我对你接的这项工作很感兴趣，并且我要帮助你。

We cannot get the door open, so we will have to walk around to the other door.我们打不开门，所以我们不得不绕到另个门。

The poem is ironic, for the poet’s meaning contrasts with his words.这首诗是反义，因为诗人的话与其意思相反。

2. 有时一串平行的短句用逗号连接起来，而不用连词。这种并列结构看起来像是逗号的滥用，但是却是对的。例如：

We need wisdom, we need money, we need power.我们需要智慧，我们需要金钱，我们需要权力。

He is cruel, he is lustful, he is immensely cunning.他残忍，他好色，他非常狡猾。

Paupers want to be rich men, rich men want to be kings, kings want to be gods.穷人想变富，富人想称王，王者想成神。

3. 逗号可用于分隔句中三个以上的并列分句，最后两个分句之间可用and连接。例如：

She entered the room, took off her shoes, and threw herself onto the sofa.她进入房间，脱下鞋，然后躺倒在沙发上。

In the Great Depression, millions lost their jobs, businesses failed, and charitable institutions closed their doors.在经济大危机时期，数以万计的人失业，公司倒闭，慈善机构关门。

二、并列句与分号“；”。

1. 分号力量较逗号大，可以不借助于并列连词，完全靠自己的力量来连接两个并列分句。例如：

He couldn’t have gone home this weekend; I saw him at the ball game on Saturday and in the library on Sunday. 他这个周末不可能回家；我在周六的球赛中看到了他，而且周日在图书馆也看见了他。

Bill is one of the most capable students; his records are among the best in our class.比尔是最能干学生中的一个；他的成绩是我们班上最好的。

2. 分号的上述用法可以用逗号加并列连词来代替，即把分号“；”改为“，”，并加上相应的并列连词。如上述第二例可改为：

Bill is one of the most capable students, and his records are among the best in our class.

3. 间或我们可以看到既用分号又用并列连词连接的并列句，这是为了加强语气。如上述第二例也可改为：

Bill is one of the most capable students; and his records are among the best in our class.

4. 并列分句也常用连接副词（如：however, therefore, furthermore, moreover, nevertheless, besides, consequently, accordingly, otherwise, afterwards, hence, indeed, in fact, later, yet, thus, still, then 等）连接，以起补充说明；此时连接副词前面或用逗号或用分号。例如：

She was angry, (或 ; ) nevertheless he listened to me.她生气了，但听我的话。

It rained, (或 ;) therefore the game was called off.由于有雨，因而那场比赛取消了。

He has lived on this island, (或 ; ) besides he has married a native woman.他在这岛上已生活了三十年，另外他还娶了一位当地妇女。

The coat is tattered beyond repair; (或 , )still, Anne hopes the tailor can mend it.这件上衣破烂不堪，但是安妮仍希望裁缝把它缝补好。

Please call before you come, (或 ;) otherwise we might not be home.你来之前请先打个电话，否则我们可能不在家。

5. 单纯连词也可放在连接副词前面，这时它前面可加逗号。例如：

He rarely meets people, and therefore he feels shy.他很少与人会面，因而觉得害羞。

He has seen touch of the world, but still he is eager to see more.这个社会他已经看到了许多，可他仍急切地想多看一些。

6. 带有连接副词的并列句，若两个分句（或其中一个）中有一逗号，则须用分号代替逗号。例如：

He’s young; however, he knows more than he seems to.他很年轻，但是他比看起来懂得更多。

John left his home twenty minutes late; consequently, he missed his train.约翰离开家晚了二十分钟；结果他没赶上火车。