2021-01-04

12.31vocabontrack步入正轨tackleclimatechange应对气候变化reducebiodiversityloss减少生物多样性的丧失behindschedule进度落后severeacuterespiratorysyndrome(SARS)严重急性呼吸系统综合症originatein起源于Alleyeswereonthecoronavirusoutbreak.所有视线集中于新冠病毒的爆发。anunder-reportedemergency报道不足的紧急事态aswatheof一堆，一团，大量vastswarmsofthedesertlocust大群的沙漠蝗虫declarethecoronavirustobeapandemic宣布新冠病毒大流行declareanationwidelockdown宣布全国封锁bringsb.toheel逼迫某人服从test,trackandisolateasmanycasesaspossible检测，追踪和隔离尽可能多的病例continueonitsdestructivepath继续带来毁灭（意译）itbecomesclearthat…很明显fuelracismanddiscrimination助长种族主义和歧视misinformation误传，误报disinformation不实咨询，假消息scepticism/skepticismaboutthesafetyofthevaccines对疫苗安全性的怀疑crushingofprotests对抗议的压制amidthecoronaviruspandemic在冠状病毒大流行中raginggeopoliticaltensions激烈的地缘政治紧张局势getsth.offtheground使…开始，启动…sth.getsofftheground开始，启动，成功进行rover流浪者，漫游者;orbiter轨道飞行器theUnitedArabEmirates阿拉伯联合酋长国launchaninterplanetarymission发射行星际的任务transcendtheirEarthlywoes超越尘世的灾难transcend超越，超出…的限度;优于…inauspicious不祥的;凶兆的nucleararsenal核军火库uranium铀warhead导弹的弹头leaveacademicresearch离开学术研究work-relatedmental-healthconcerns与工作有关的心理健康问题spelltroublefor…预示…将有麻烦havenofutureinacademicresearch学术研究没有前途relentlessandhigh-profileattacksonscience对科学无情和高调的攻击pledgetodo承诺做某事callforgreaterregulationandtransparency呼吁加强监管和透明度robust结实的;强劲的shoreuppublicconfidenceinimmunization增强公众对免疫接种的信心shoreup支撑住

12.31vocab摘录与来源https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-03560-2

January:environmental‘super-year’aheadMostoftheSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs),whichwereestablishedbytheUnitedNationsin2015,werenotontrackevenbeforethecoronaviruspandemic,andglobaltargetstotackleclimatechangeandreducebiodiversitylosswerealsobehindschedule.February:stopthevirusIntwopapersinNature,teamsledbyresearchersinChinaconfirmedthatthevirusissimilartotheonethatcausedsevereacuterespiratorysyndrome(SARS),andreportedevidencethatitoriginatedinbats.March:locustsandlockdownsWhilealleyeswereonthecoronavirusoutbreak,anunder-reportedemergencywasthreateningfood,healthandjobsinaswatheofcountries.CropsinEastAfrica,theMiddleEastandsouthAsiahadbeendevouredbyvastswarmsofthedesertlocustSchistocercagregaria.On11March,theWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)declaredthecoronavirus,SARS-CoV-2,tobeapandemic.Italyhaddeclaredanationwidelockdown.But,worryingly,therewerefewsignsthatworldleaderswerewillingtocooperateineffortstobringthevirustoheel.TheUnitedStatesandmanyEuropeancountrieswerenotfollowingtheWHO’sadvicetoaggressivelytest,trackandisolateasmanycasesofCOVID-19aspossible.April:notthetimetoturnagainsttheWHOAstheviruscontinuedonitsdestructivepath,itbecameclearthatthepandemicwasalsofuellingracismanddiscriminationagainstpeopleofAsiandescentaroundtheworld.May:misinformationandvaccinehesitancyThemisinformationanddisinformation,mostofwhichwascirculatingonline,concernedsubjectsrangingfromunproventreatmentstoscepticismaboutthesafetyofthevaccinesbeingdevelopedagainstCOVID-19becauseofthespeedatwhichthisresearchanddevelopmentwasmoving.June:BlackLivesMatterThekillingofBlackpeopleintheUnitedStates,mostnotablythatofGeorgeFloydatthehandsoftheMinneapolisPoliceDepartmentinMinnesotainlateMay,andTrump’scrushingofsubsequentprotests,angeredtheworld.Wemustdomoretocorrectthoseinjustices,amplifymarginalizedvoices,andbeheldaccountablefortheseactions.July:mitochondriaandmissionstoMarsAsfundingagenciesreassessedtheirpriorities,aNaturepapergaveamuch-neededboosttothevalueoffoundationalresearch.Thattheteamhadembarkedontheworkwithanentirelydifferentgoalinmindaddedtothesignificanceoftheachievement.And,amidthecoronaviruspandemicandraginggeopoliticaltensions,threelong-plannedMarsmissionsfinallygotofftheground.ThelatestUSrover,andorbitersdesignedbyChinaandtheUnitedArabEmirates—thefirstArabnationtolaunchaninterplanetarymission—offeredapowerfulsymbolofhoweffortstoexploreotherworldsgivenationstheopportunitytotranscendtheirEarthlywoes,wewrote.August:ananti-nucleardawnAugustmarksaninauspiciousanniversaryforscience,thatofthefirst—and,sofar,only—deploymentofnuclearweaponsinwar.Theworld’snucleararsenalisalarminglylarge,comprisinganestimated1,335tonnesofhighlyenricheduraniumand13,410warheads.Some90%oftheseareintheUnitedStatesandRussia.September:postdocsincrisisHalfofthe7,670respondentsrevealedthattheywereconsideringleavingacademicresearchbecauseofwork-relatedmental-healthconcerns.Itspellstroubleforknowledge,discoveryandinventionifsomanypeopleareconcludingthattheyhavenofutureinacademicresearch.October:ithastobeBidenFollowingtheTrumpadministration’srelentlessandhigh-profileattacksonscience—andthepoliticizationofthepandemicandthreatstoscholarlyautonomyaroundtheworld—thejournalpledgedtocovermorepoliticsnews,commentaryandprimaryresearch.November:theethicsoffacialrecognitionSomeresearchers,asoureditorialhighlighted,arerightlyjoiningcampaignersincallingforgreaterregulationandtransparency,aswellasforcommunitiesthatarebeingmonitoredbycamerastobeconsulted—andforuseofthetechnologytobesuspendeduntillawmakershavereconsideredwhereandhowitshouldbeused.December:vaccinesarecomingVaccinesareinuseinRussiaandChina,too—andChinaisalsosupplyingothercountries.Butglobalcoordinationisstilllacking,withcountriesconductingapprovalsaccordingtodifferentcriteria,andwiththewealthiestprocuringthemajorityofearlyorders.Ifregulatorsallhadaccesstothesamedata,itwouldbeeasierforthemtocomparetheirfindingsandanalyseswiththoseofothers.Theirdecisionswouldbemorerobustandthat,inturn,wouldshoreuppublicconfidenceinimmunization.

12.28摘录与来源https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-02002-3

TheUnitedNationshasconfirmedanunwelcomesuspicion:thecoronaviruspandemichasputtheSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs)outofreach.Mostofthegoalstoendpoverty,protecttheenvironmentandsupportwell-beingby2030werealreadyoffcourse.Now,whatlittleprogresshadbeenmadehasbeenstoppedinitstracks.

ResearchersbothoutsideandinsidetheUNarequestioningwhetherthegoalsarefitforthepost-pandemicage.Thegoals’ambitionisasimportantasever,butfreshthinkingisneededonthebestwaystoachievethem.

Ofthe17SDGs,just2—eliminatingpreventabledeathsamongnewbornsandunder-fives,andgettingchildrenintoprimaryschools—wereclosetobeingachievedpre-pandemic.ButCOVID-19hasturnedbacktheclock.

Theriseindomesticabusebroughtaboutbylockdownmeasureshasputpaidtoprogressinthegoalforgenderequalityandwomen’sempowerment.Manywomenhavebeenunabletoaccesssexual-andreproductive-healthservices,whichcouldresultinasmanyas2.7millionextraunsafeabortionsbeingcarriedout.

Atthesametime,atleast270millionpeoplefacehunger,andtheWorldFoodProgrammeispreparingitsbiggesthumanitarianresponseinhistory.Morethan70millionpeoplewillbeforcedintoextremepovertythisyear—potentiallywipingoutrecentgains.

Allinall,thegoalstoeliminatepoverty,hungerandinequality,andtopromotehealth,well-beingandeconomicgrowthareheadedforextinction.

What,then,needstobedone?Evenbeforethepandemic,ideaswerebeingfloatedtofindwaystomakethegoalsmoreachievable.UnderoneproposalfromagroupofUNscienceadvisers,the17SDGsand169associatedtargetswouldberedistributedinto6“entrypoints”.

Whenthegoalswereset,in2015,thepicturewasoneofrisingeconomicgrowthandpositiveinternationalcooperation—whichledtotheParisclimateagreement—bothessentialtomeetingmanyoftheSDGs’targets.Nowthattheworldisreelingfromcoronavirusandisonthebrinkofaonce-in-a-centurydepression,governmentsarecooperatingmuchless;crucialinternationalmeetingsonprotectingtheclimate,biodiversityandwetlandshavebeenpostponed;andaidtohelpthepoorestcountriesmeettheirgoalsissettofall.