托福口语有关准确性原则你了解吗

如何在托福口语中实现词汇准确性，我们了解了关于托福口语中词汇的多样性，但我们同时也不能忽略准确性这一根本原则。而用词不准确的确是平时考生在练习时很容易忽略或是遗漏的方面，其原因是多方面的。

一方面是因为母语干扰（L1 Interference），即考生受限于汉语表达而在口语表达中使用中式英语（Chinglish），导致考官无法理解本意；

另一方面是由于不当的学习习惯，比如背单词不记词性或是不记词组搭配，导致输出时出现严重语法问题或词不达意等问题。

今天我们就以三道独立口语为切入点，剖析下考生常见的三类用词不准确的问题：

词性有误

(2019.2.4 Task2)

Do you think it's a good idea for a kid to keep a pet?

多数支持此观点的考生在作答时，可能会优先想到养宠物可以给孩子带来快乐，如：

First, raising pets can bring so much fun for kidsyou know, when they come home after school, they can play with their pets to have a relax, especially for some kids who are lack of company, because their parents are often busy with work.

首先relax只有动词(v.)词性，所以很多同学下意识的表达have a relax是一种错误的表述，可以替换为take a break/relax oneself/release ones stress，例如：In my spare time, I tend to listen to some soft music to relax myself from all the schoolwork.

其次lack也只有名词(n.)和及物动词(vt.)词性，没有形容词词性。所以缺乏请不要说成be lack of，而只是lack sth.，或是作名词使the lack of sth。

例如：Since I rather lack work experience / Due to the lack of work experience, I really need to do some internship during the summer break. 所以。

老师这里给大家一个建议：平时背单词时一定留心词性以及例句中该词的用法，切不可以偏概全或想当然地使用不熟悉的词汇。

介词缺失/失当

(2019.4.13 Task2)

People in the past liked board games and card games, while now people like playing video games on their computers and smartphones. Which do you prefer?

多数选择前者的考生在作答时，可能会优先想到网瘾少年这一反面论点，如：

First, board games and cards games are great way to socialize with friends and families. Like, nowadays lots of kids just lock themselves up in their room, playing their cellphone or computer alone. However, I prefer the old-fashioned way, just playing chess or Uno with my families, which is surely a good way to accompany with them and bond with them.

相信大家对于玩手机并不陌生，而且手机或与手机相关的独立口语题目也不在少数，但大家真的对于玩手机在英文中的表达很熟悉吗？经常看美剧或电影的同学应该有留意到，其实大多数情况下native speaker会说play on ones cellphone，没错是有介词搭配的！

例如：When we were discussing about the project, Jack was always playing on his cell, I dont know, probably texting his girlfriend or something, but that really bothered me.

其次有些同学可能是被不及物动词留下了不可磨灭的阴影，导致一言不合就加介词，特别是陪伴某人/和某人在一起就特别爱表达成accompany with sb。

但家就是个及物动词(vt.)，正确表达应为：Recently, my parents are just too busy with their work to accompany me, not to say, help me with my assignment or go to see my performance in school play.

所以老师这里给大家第二个建议：平时背单词时一定留心不及物动词和它们的介词穿搭，切不可囫囵吞枣，到用时不加介词或乱加一通。

词义偏差/过度

(2019.8.10 Task1)

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement？Children should learn independent living skills at an early age.

多数选择同意的考生在作答时，可能会优先想到培养独立能力这一论点，如：

First, its definitely good for developing kids independence ability. For example, my parents often let me tidy up my room, do the laundry, even though I was unwilling to do so. However, it really helps me a lot, cause as an international student whos gonna study abroad in US, I can totally handle everything and take good care of myself.

有些同学平时是一起练习口语，但也很容易在peer check时容易忽略Chinglish这一问题，因为彼此都有着汉语文化背景，所以很容易产生彼此心领神会，但native speaker听完总会眉头一皱的用词现象。

首先同学们在表达独立能力、团队合作能力等常用口语论点时，受母语干扰（L1 interference）的影响，很容易将之表述为XXX ability/the ability of XXX，但英语口语其实并不复杂，直接采用independence, teamwork即可，无需过度解释说明，反而显得冗长和不自然。

另外还有些同学在背单词时只单纯记忆汉语意思而无视其语境用法，也常常令大家的答案啼笑皆非。

特别是let这个词，看过英英解释的同学便可知这个词词义为to allow sb. to do sth.，没错，翻译过来是让的意思，但问题就出在中文里的让字可是有很多意思的。让其实在英文中不同语境下有不同的表述。

例如：每周末我父母都让我把屋子收拾好，否则甭想和朋友出去玩。My parents ask me to organize my room on weekend, otherwise they wouldnt let me hang out with my friends.

或是这一身体特征让青蛙可以在缺水的环境下存活。This body feature allow/enable frogs to survive the environment with the lack of water.

我们可以看到，让并不能所有情况下都用let翻译。要求某人做某事要用ask。而有允许某人做某事或使某人能做某事含义的情况下，可以用allow或enable。

所以老师这里给大家第三个建议：平时背单词时一定留心单词在例句中的用法，适用于何种语境，如果时间富裕能留意下英英解释就更好了，可不能再继续我不要你们觉得，我只要我觉得了。