一般现在时的用法各举四个例子
(一)定义一般现在时主要用来表示经常性或习惯性的动作,或者是现在的特征或所处的状态。
如:He often goes to school on foot every morning.She is at work now.They are primary school students.(二)基本结构从谓语动词的分类来看,一般现在时的基本结构主要分三种情况,即:
1、主语+be+其他成分其中的be,会随着主语的不同,有am/is/are的变化。am的主语是I,is的主语是第三人称单数,are的主语是第一人称复数、第二人称的单数和复数、第三人称的复数。如:I am ten years old.He is in the classroom.They are in the zoo at the moment.2、主语+do/does+其他成分其中,动词do的主语为第一人称的单数和复数、第二人称的单数和复数、第三人称的复数,does的主语为第三人称的单数。如:We always stay up late on Saturday.You often forget to bring your textbooks with you.She likes apples very much.3、主语+情态动词+be/do+其他成分此时,情态动词采用的是现在形式,后面的动词都采用原形。如:She can be a good teacher in the future.I must leave for the party now.(三)动词的第三人称单数动词的第三人称单数,简称三单,是在使用一般现在时中最容易出错的地方。这与汉语的主谓成分在数上没有一致性要求有很大关系。动词三单常见的变化规则有:
1、直接+s如:works、plays、sweeps。
2、“伤心城市”(即以sh、x、ch、s或ss结尾的单词)加+es如:washes、fixes、watches、focuses、kisses。
3、以辅音字母+o结尾的+es如:goes、does、vetoes(否决)。
4、以辅音字母+y结尾的,改y为i,再+es如:studies、flies、dries。
5、特殊情况如:have的三单形式为has。(四)常见用法1、表主语现在所处的状态The book is on the desk.I am very busy.2、表主语的身份或职业She is our English teacher.His father is a doctor.3、表主语的特征或特点The dog often barks at strangers.He is bad-tempered.4、表主语的能力The cat can see well in the darkness.He is good at swimming.5、表主语的国籍Mary comes from Britain.He is a Chinese.6、表主语经常性或习惯性的行为Jack sometimes goes hiking by himself on weekends.They usually visit museums in their spare time.7、表主语的兴趣爱好She likes reading novels very much.I want a cup of tea.8、表天气或气候It is sunny today.It often rains a lot in spring in Shanghai.9、表客观事实或真理Taiwan lies in the southeast of China.The sun rises from the east and sets in the west.10、表按计划或安排好的或将要发生的动作这类用法一般只限于start、begin、leave、go、come、arrive、return、take place等。 如:The train leaves at four tomorrow afternoon.She comes back home tonight.11、表将来(在时间和条件状语从句中)If he comes, I will tell him about it.When the plane arrives, she will meet him herself.12、用在格言、警句中Pride goes before a fall. (骄必败。)Time is money. (时间就是金钱。)13、表过去1) 用于某些动词(tell、say、hear、learn等)表示不确定的过去时间。如:She tells me Jack will come tomorrow. (她告诉我杰克明天要来。)I hear that he won the first prize in the competiton last week. (我听说他在上周的比赛中得了第一名。 )2)当要陈述一个客观事实时,有时即使有过去时间状语也可用一般现在时。如:The story is set in the summer of 1937. (故事的背景是1937年夏天。)The story begins in the year 1937. (故事开始于1937年。)
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