holdup除了阻碍，举起，还是什么意思

hold uphold up表示举起的时候，一般有两种用法：r 举起身体的某一部分，hold up（=raise） your hand，hold up your head and tell yourself you will never give up.用手举起一个事物，多为比较轻小的物体，he held up the book so she could see the cover.he held up his gun to shoot.因为hold本身不是一个大动作，而主要是一个手的动作，例如hold the cup for me 帮我拿着杯子He was holding his hat (in his hand).他手里拿着帽子。

所以即便加上up之后也一般不是大动作，顶多就是把一个不重的东西举过头顶。再一个hold的本意是手持着，所以hold up的目的也一般不是将其举起来放到车上之类，而只是将某物举起来让别人看/闻之类的。liftaise和hold要加上up才有举起的意思不同，lift和raise类似，本身就是举起的意思，实际lift和raise的确切意思是将一个事物用任何方法让其到达一个更高的位置（词典解释：raise to a higher position or level），所以lift和raise的应用范围比hold up（一般只用于用手和胳膊去举起）宽广很多，原则上来说凡是用hold up的都可以用lift或raise替代：r raise/lift your hand,raise/lift your headhe raised his gun to shoot.he lifted his trophy over his head.但用lift和raise的地方则很多不能用hold up：r raise your eyebrow, lift your eyes等He lifted his foot from/off the gas pedal.他将脚从油门上抬起。The paramedics lifted the stretcher into the ambulance.护理人员将担架抬上了救护车。raise和lift很多时候能相互替代，有时候也不能，任何词语都会有自己更适用的场合或说比较固定的搭配。例如当举起比较重的物体，放到车上之类，用lift就更合适。r lift up至于说lift up的up，一般来说用lift的地方都可以加上up，但也完全可以不加，例如：r She lifted the child (up) onto her lap.她把孩子抱到腿上。He lifted his head (up) and looked at us.他抬起头看着我们。She lifted (up) the lid of the box.她掀开了盒盖。