It的用法总结
一、人称代词
1,it的最基本用法是作代词,主要指刚提到的事物,以避免重复:
①Theywatchedthetrainuntilitdisappearedinthedistance.
2.,也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子):
②Isthisyourdog?No,itisn’t.
③Theygotababyanditwasaten-pounder
3.,也可指抽象事物或指抽象环境和情景:
③Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwithafullmouth..
二、.非人称代词
1.it有时并不指具体的东西而泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等:
⑴.指天气:Itisalovelyday,isn’tit?
⑵.指时间:Itwasnearlymidnightwhenshecameback.
⑶.指日期:ItisAprilFirsttoday.
⑷.指距离:Itissome3000kilometersfromBeijingtoGuangzhou.
⑸.指价值:Itisthreedollars.
⑹.指温度:Todayitis30degreescentigrade.
三、其他用法
1.在句子的主语不太明确时充当主语,表示谁在做某事:
①Whoisitthere?It'sI(me/you/he.....).
②IthoughtitwasMary,butitwasnotshe.
③Herfacelightedwhenshesawwhoitwas.
2.泛泛的指某件事:(有时泛指一般情况)
①Itdoesn’tmatter.
②Itisashame,isn’tit?
③Howisitgoing?(情况怎样)
④Itsaysinthenewspaperthat......
3.it用在一些词组中,it没有特别的意思
Thelasttrain'sgone.Comeon,we'llfootit.(来,咱们步行吧。)
四、作形式主语,替代主语从句,动词不定式,或动名词短语:
1.作形式主语替代主语从句
⑴Itisclear(obvious,true,possible,certain....)that从句常译为"┅清楚的(显然的,真的,可能的,肯定的...)"
Itisveryclearthathe’sroundandtalllikeatree.
=Thathe’sroundandtalllikeatreeisveryclear.
⑵Itisimportant(necessary,right,strange,natural...)that从句常译为┅是重要的(必要的,对的,奇怪的,自然的┅).that后的从句中要用虚拟语气(should+动词原形),should可以省去,建议记住该句型中的形容词。
①Itisimportantthatwe(should)learnEnglishwell.
②Itisnecessarythathe(should)rememberthesewords.
⑶Itissaid(reported/learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped.....)that从句常译为"据说(据报道,据悉...)"。
①ItissaidthathehascometoBeijing.
②Itisreportedthatanotherearthsatellitehasbeenputintoorbit.
⑷Itissuggested(advised/ordered/demanded/insisted/commanded...)that从句.that 后的从句要用虚拟语气(should+动词原形),should可以省;常译为"据建议;有命令...)
①Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.
②Itwasorderedthatwe(should)arrivethereintwohours.
⑸Itistime(abouttime,hightime)that从句(虚拟语气:动词用过去时did)
①Itistimethatchildrenwenttobed.
②Itistimeyouboughtanewcar.
③Itis(high)timeyoumadeupyourmind.
⑹Itisthefirst(second...)timethat从句(从句用现在完成时havedone)
Itwasthefirst(second...)timethat从句(从句用过去完成时haddone)
常译为"是第一(二)...次..."。
ItisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere.=ThisisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere
⑺Itisapity(ashame/anhonour/agoodthing/afact,/asurprise/...)that从句.
that后的从句一般用虚拟语气(should+动词原形),should可省去.表示出乎意料,常译为"竟然"。没有这种意义时,则不用虚拟语气。
①Itisapitythatsuchathing(should)happeninyourclass.这种事竟然发生在你们班上,真是遗憾!
②Itisapitythatheisill.他生病了,真遗憾!
⑻Ithappens(seems,looks,appears)that从句.常译为“碰巧…,似乎是…,看起来…”
①Ithappened(sohappened)thathemethisteacherinthestreet.碰巧...
②Itseemsthathewillbebackinafewdays.看来...
2.作形式主语替代不定式
.⑴Itiskind(ofsb.)todosth.不定式的逻辑主语是由of引起,主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的褒义或贬义形容词。常见的词有:
bad,brave,careless,clever,cruel,foolish,good(好心的),honest,horrible,kind,lazy,modest,naughty,nice(有教养的),polite,rude,silly,stupid,wise,wrong(错误的)等。
这个句型可以改写为:sb.iskindtodosth.。
如:Itiskindofyoutosayso.=Youarekindtosayso.
⑵Itisnecessary(forsb.)todosth..不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起,主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性,紧迫性,频繁程度,难易,安全等情况的中性形容词。常见的形容词有:
important,necessary,naturaleasy,safe,common,normal,hard,difficult,dangerous,unusual,rare,impossible,pleasant
如:Itisimportantforhertocometotheparty.=Itisimportantthatshe(should)cometotheparty.
⑶Ittakessb....todosth.常译为"做...要花费某人..."。
如:IttookthousandsofpeoplemanyyearstobuildtheGreatWall.
3.作形式主语替代动名词短语
Itisnogood/nouse/uselessdoingsth.常译为“┅有好处或没有用”
①ItisnogoodlearningEnglishwithoutspeakingEnglish.
②It'suselesstryingtoarguewithShylock.
五、作形式宾语,代替不定式,动名词短语或宾语从句。
Wethinkitimportanttolearnaforeignlanguage.
该句型中的it作形式宾语,该结构中常用的动词有:think,believe,make,findconsider,feel;如:
Wethinkitourdutytocleanourclassroomeveryday.
HefeltitimportantlearningEnglishwell.
Theyfounditdifficultthattheywouldfinishtheirworkintwodays.
TheInternetmakesiteasierforcompaniestokeepintouchwithcustomers.
六、.it的重要句型
1.强调句型:Itis/was+被强调部分+that从句(被强调的主语如果是人,that可以由who换用)
①Itwasabout600yearsagothatthefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.
②Itwastheythat(who)cleanedtheclassroomyesterday.
③ItwasinthestreetthatImetherfather.
④ItwasyesterdaythatImetherinthestreet.
⑤Itisyouthat/whoarewrong.
特例:Itisnotuntil+被强调部分+that...该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语,译成汉语"直到...才...",可以说是not...until...的强调形式。
ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.
=NotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesdidIrealizeshewasafamousfilmstar.
=Ididn’trealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.
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