10类托福阅读逻辑结构
10类托福阅读逻辑结构
在托福阅读理解中,一些词汇会帮助我们理解句子间关系,这些词汇大部分是逻辑词汇,为大家带来托福阅读中的逻辑词汇希望对大家有所帮助。
一.And并列关系【and】
inaddition//and//similarly//likewise//aswellas//besides//furthermore//also//moreover//too//notonly...but//even//besidesthis/that
二.Sequence顺序【then】
出现的时候表示列举
first//initially//secondetc.//tobeginwith//then//next//earlier/later//followingthis/that//afterwards
三.Consequence结果【so】
前面是后面的结果//也就是这些词后面就开始给出结论了。
asaresult//thus//so//therefore//consequently//itfollowsthat//thereby//eventually//tnthatcase//admittedly
四.Contrast转折【but】
表对前面论述的转折//一般后面才是作者观点
however//ontheotherhand//despite//inspiteof//
though//although//but//onthecontrary
otherwise//yet//insteadof//rather//whereas//nonetheless//incontrast
五.Certainty确定【ofcourse】
强烈的确定//后面是作者的坚定论点
obviously//certainly//plainly//ofcourse//undoubtedly
六.Condition条件/因为【if】
后面跟随着某种情况发生的前提或者是条件。
if//unless//whether//providedthat////Giventhat//for//sothat//whether//dependingon
七.Time时间【when】
before//since//as//until//meanwhile//atthemoment//when//whenever//assoonas//justas
八.Summary【inaword】
作者的最后
inconclusion//insummary//lastly//finally//tosumup//toconclude//torecapitulate重述//inshort//inaword
九.Example举例【forexample】
forexample//forinstance//justas//inparticular//suchas//namely也就是
十.Reason原因【because】
since//as//so//because【of】//dueto//owingto//thereasonwhy//inotherwords//leadsto//cause
托福阅读考试的必备技巧
托福阅读中面对文章阅读量大,题型种类多的困难,大家必须要掌握一些备考的技巧。利用这些技巧,减少我们的在阅读和做题中的障碍。具体的这些必备技巧都有哪些呢?为大家整理了详细的内容,供大家参考。
快速识别托福生词
从某种意义上来讲,你积累的英语词汇量的多少,影响着你在托福考试中取得的成绩。如果说你具备的词汇量达不到最基本的要求,即使你的语言能力再强也过不了托福难关。想要训练阅读能力首先就要从词汇量上下手,只有掌握足够多的词汇后,你才具备他警告阅读能力的最低标准。
遇到生词即使不知道什么意思,也可以根据上下文语境弄清它们之间的关系,运用逻辑推理的方法作出正确的答案。
其次还可以分析选项,进行对比,往往会发现选项中通常会出现两个意思相反的选项,此时再仔细重读原文就可以排除错误选项了。
遇到托福新话题不要慌
读书破万卷下笔如有神,放在托福阅读备考中依然适用。
考生利用业余时间丰富自己的知识面,对各国或各地区等相关文化及常识有一定了解后,在参加托福考试时,当阅读到自己有所了解的东西后,解题试题时就会比较有自信和感觉,不会因为自己的不了解或是不清楚,对文章要说的东西特别盲目,答题的准确率自但是然的也就会有所上升。
对于考试技巧,适合别人的不一定适合自己。考生可以根据自己的实际情况去训练,尽快找到最适合自己的解锁方式。
当考试遇到新话题,不要慌张,一定要合理运用有限的时间,拿捏好做题的速度,多多联系上下文,回忆相关话题,在规定时间内完成所有题目。
掌握SQ3R法能快速了解文章逻辑
托福阅读技巧中的SQ3R法能够有效的加快阅读速度,提升考生对文章逻辑的理解。面对一篇长篇文章,一定要做到五点:Scan.扫读Question.提问Read.阅读Review.复读Recite。
扫读可以让你对全文有个初步的了解。许多优秀作品的提纲都遵循一套逻辑,让读者能轻松的熟悉和了解文章的主题素材。提问可以让你知道每段的方向,和对文章内容的熟悉程度。做题的时候能够快速定位,有些时候自己提问问题还能和题目重叠,提高答题效率。阅读可以让你熟知每段主旨,了解中心思想,明白作者用意。有利于预测和推论题。
题外话:考场预热
托福考试阅读部分和听力部分之间不会停顿,你没有休息的时间,建议考生食用一顿合理丰富的早餐,做好考前的准备。
就是在做题过程中可复查和修改答案,但由于这样很浪费时间,请尽量一次性通过。如果遇到阅读加试,托福考生将不会被告知哪一篇文章是加试文章。加试虽然不算分,但是有可能会影响考生的成绩,所以考生要认真对待加试题。
做完一个部分的阅读,系统会提示考生点击continue进入下一部分,如果不按的话,系统大约等待1-2分钟后会自动进入下一部分。
托福阅读真题练习
托福阅读真题练习:大城市的偏见文本+题目+答案
托福阅读文本:
Throughoutthenineteenthcenturyandintothetwentieth,citizensoftheUnitedStatesmaintainedabiasagainstbigcities.Mostlivedonfarmsandinsmalltownsandbelievedcitiestobecentersofcorruption,crime,poverty,andmoraldegradation.Theirdistrustwascaused,inpart,byanationalideologythatproclaimedfarmingthegreatestoccupationandrurallivingsuperiortourbanliving.Thisattitudeprevailedevenasthenumberofurbandwellersincreasedandcitiesbecameanessentialfeatureofthenationallandscape.Gradually,economicrealityovercameideology.Thousandsabandonedtheprecariouslifeonthefarmformoresecureandbetterpayingjobsinthecity.Butwhenthesepeoplemigratedfromthecountryside,theycarriedtheirfearsandsuspiciouswiththem.Thesenewurbanities,alreadyconvincedthatcitieswereoverwhelmedwithgreatproblems,eagerlyembracedtheprogressivereformsthatpromisedtobringorderoutofthechaosofthecity.
Oneofmanyreformscameintheareaofpublicutilities.Waterandseweragesystemswereusuallyoperatedbymunicipalgovernments,butthegasandelectricnetworkswereprivatelyowned.Reformersfearedthattheprivatelyownedutilitycompanieswouldchargeexorbitantratesfortheseessentialservicesanddeliverthemonlytopeoplewhocouldaffordthem.Somecityandstategovernmentsrespondedbyregulatingtheutilitycompanies,butanumberofcitiesbegantosupplytheseservicesthemselves.Proponentsofthesereformsarguedthatpublicownershipandregulationwouldinsurewidespreadaccesstotheseutilitiesandguaranteeafairprice.
Whilesomereformsfocusedongovernmentandpublicbehavior,otherslookedatthecitiesasawhole.Civicleaders,convincedthatphysicalenvironmentinfluencedhumanbehavior,arguedthatcitiesshoulddevelopmasterplanstoguidetheirfuturegrowthanddevelopment.Cityplanningwasnothingnew,buttherapidindustrializationandurbangrowthofthelatenineteenthcenturytookplacewithoutanyconsiderationfororder.Urbanrenewalinthetwentiethcenturyfollowedseveralcourses.Somecitiesintroducedplanstocompletelyrebuildthecitycore.Mostothercitiescontentedthemselveswithzoningplansforregulatingfuturegrowth.Certainpartsoftownwererestrictedtoresidentialuse,whileothersweresetasideforindustrialorcommercialdevelopment.
托福阅读题目:
1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?
【A】Acomparisonofurbanandrurallifeintheearlytwentiethcentury
【B】Theroleofgovernmentintwentiethcenturyurbanrenewal
【C】Effortstoimproveurbanlifeintheearlytwentiethcentury
【D】Methodsofcontrollingurbangrowthinthetwentiethcentury
2.Thewordbiasinline2isclosestinmeaningto
【A】diagonal
【B】slope
【C】distortion
【D】prejudice
3.Thefirstparagraphsuggeststhatmostpeoplewholivedinruralareas
【A】weresuspiciousoftheirneighbors
【B】wereveryproudoftheirlifestyle
【C】believedcitygovernmenthadtoomuchpower
【D】wantedtomovetothecities
4.Intheearlytwentiethcentury,manyruraldwellersmigratedtothecityinorderto
【A】participateintheurbanreformmovement
【B】seekfinancialsecurity
【C】complywithagovernmentordinance
【D】avoidcrimeandcorruption
5.Thewordembracedinline11isclosestinmeaningto
【A】suggested
【B】overestimated
【C】demanded
【D】welcomed
6.Whatconcerndidreformershaveaboutprivatelyownedutilitycompanies?
【A】Theyfearedtheserviceswouldnotbemadeavailabletoallcitydwellers.
【B】Theybelievedprivateownershipwouldsloweconomicgrowth
【C】Theydidnottrustthecompaniestoobeythegovernmentregulations.
【D】Theywantedtoensurethattheserviceswouldbeprovidedtoruralareas.
7.Thewordexorbitantinline16isclosestinmeaningto
【A】additional
【B】expensive
【C】various
【D】modified
8.AllofthefollowingwerethedirectresultofpublicutilityreformsEXCEPT
【A】localgovernmentsdeterminedtherateschargedbyprivateutilitycompanies
【B】someutilitycompanieswereownedandoperatedbylocalgovernments
【C】theavailabilityofserviceswasregulatedbylocalgovernment
【D】privateutilitycompanieswererequiredtopayafeetolocalgovernments
9.ThewordProponentsinline18isclosestinmeaningto
【A】Experts
【B】Pioneers
【C】Reviewers
【D】Supporters
10.Whydoestheauthormentionindustrialization【line24】?
【A】Toexplainhowfasturbangrowthledtopoorlydesignedcities
【B】Toemphasizetheeconomicimportanceofurbanareas
【C】Tosuggestthatlabordisputeshadbecomeanurbanproblem
【D】Toillustratetheneedforconstructionofnewfactories
托福阅读答案:
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