新概念英语一级重点

英语中及物动词有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有人称、时态和数的变化。

一、被动语态的用法：

1.一般现在时的被动语态构成：is/am/are+及物动词的过去分词

Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.

Iamaskedtostudyhard.

Knivesareusedforcuttingthings.

2.一般过去时的被动语态构成：was/were+及物动词的过去分词

Anewshopwasbuiltlastyear.

Dinosaureggswerelaidlonglongago.

3.现在完成时的被动语态构成：has/have+been+及物动词的过去分词

Thisbookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.

Manyman-madesatelliteshavebeensentupintospacebymanycountries.

4.一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+be+及物动词的过去分词

Anewhospitalwillbebuiltinourcity.

Manymoretreeswillbeplantednextyear.

5.含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词

Youngtreesmustbewateredoften.

Yourmistakesshouldbecorrectedrightnow.

Thedoormaybelockedinside.

Yourhomeworkcanbehandedintomorrow.

6.现在进行时的被动语态构成：am/is/are+being+及物动词的过去分词

UncleWangismendingmybikenow.→

MybikeisbeingrepairedbyTomnow.

Theyareplantingtreesoverthere.→

Treesarebeingplantedovertherebythem.

7.不定式的被动语态：to+be+及物动词的过去分词

Therearetwobookstoberead.→

Therearetwentymoretreestobeplanted.

二、怎样把主动语态改成被动语态?

把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤：

1.先找出谓语动词；

2.再找出谓语动词后的宾语；

3.把宾语用作被动语态中的主语；

4.注意人称、时态和数的变化。

例：1.Brucewritesalettereveryweek.→AletteriswrittenbyBruceeveryweek.

2.LiLeimendedthebrokenbikethismorning.→ThebrokenbikewasmendedbyLiLeithismorning.

3.Hehaswrittentwonovelssofar.→Twonovelshavebeenwrittenbyhimsofar.

4.Theywillplanttentreestomorrow.→Tentreeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrow.

5.Lucyiswritingaletternow.→AletterisbeingwrittenbyLucynow.

6.Youmustlockthedoorwhenyouleave.→thedoormustbelockedwhenyouleave.

三、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：

1.不及物动词无被动语态。

Whatwillhappenin100years.

Thedinosaursdisappearedabout65millionyearsago.

2.有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。

Thispenwriteswell.

Thisnewbooksellswell.

3.感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to，但变为被动语态时，须加上to。

例：makesomebodydosomething→somebody+be+madetodosomething

seesomebodydosomething→somebody+be+seentodosomething

Agirlsawmywalletdropwhenshepassedby.→Mywalletwasseentodropbyagirlwhenshepassedby.

Thebossmadethelittleboydoheavywork.→Thelittleboywasmadetodoheavyworkbytheboss.

4.如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。

Hegavemeabook.→Abookwasgiventomebyhim.

Heshowedmeaticket.→Aticketwasshowntomebyhim.

Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.→Anewbikewasboughtformebymyfather.

5.一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。

Wecan’tlaughhim.→Hecan’tbelaughbyus.

Helistenstotheradioeveryday.→Theradioislistenedtobyhimeveryday.

Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman.→Thesickmanisbeingtakencareofbythenurse.

只要你掌握了以上一些方法，被动语态并不难学。