英语中的从句
英语从句(Subordination)
英语从句主要有定语从句,状语从句和名词性从句(主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)
一.定语从句
1.定语从句:由关系代词who,whom,whose,that,which;关系副词when,where,why引导。
1.Thedeathnoticestellusaboutpeoplewhohavediedduringtheweek.
2.Theman(whom)youspoketojustnowismyfriend.
3.Thebuildingwhoselightsareonisbeautiful.
4.Pleasefindaplacewhichwecanhaveaprivatetalkin.
5.Thekneeisthejointwherethethighbonemeetsthelargeboneofthelowerleg.
6.Hestillremembersthedaywhenhewenttoschool.
7.Itisnoneedtellingusthereasonwhyyoudidn'tfinishitintime.
8.Hehasthreesons,twoofwhomdiedinthewar.
9.Mr.Smith,whosewifeisaclerk,teachesusEnglish.
10.IntheSundaypapertherearecomics,whichchildrenenjoy.
2.只能用that和who引导的定语从句
A.all,nothing,anything,afew,one做先行词指物时
B.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时,后面常跟that而不是which.
C.先行词前有theonly,thefirst,thelast,thenext,thevery等词修饰时,引导词只能用that。
D.当先行词是anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody时,后面要用who或whom;
●Allthatglittersisnotgold.闪光的并非都是金子。
3.as引导定语从句
as引导的定语从句有两种形式:
A.引导限制性语从句。
在此类定语从句中,as常与主语中作为其先行词的such,thesame或as联用构成,“such...as”,“thesame...as”和“as...as”句型,可代替先行词。
例如:Wehopetogetsuchatoolasheisusing.我们希望得到他正在用的那种工具。
B.as引导非限制性定语从句时,作用与which相同,as作为关系代词代替整个主句。
[注意区别]:
as引导的从句用于句首、句中或句后,而which引导的定语从句不能放在句首。
例如:Asisreported,aforeigndelegationwillvisitthecity.
二.状语从句
①原因:because,since,nowthat(既然)as,for,thisreason....
②结果:sothat,so,therefore,consequently,soasto,asaresult....
③时间:after,before,when,while,as,until,assoonas,since,bythetime,once,lately,presently,shortlyafter,currently,atpresent,nowadays...
④条件:if,onlyif.,once,unless,intheevent(that),incase(that),providedthat,ontheconditionthat,etc.
⑤让步:though,although,eventhough(if),nomatterwhat/how/when→whatever/however/whenever....
⑥目的:inorderthat,inorderto,to,
⑦比较:than,as...as,bycomparison(相比较),bycontrast(相对照)....
三.名词性从句
通常由that或疑问词导出。
1.Howsomemammalscametoliveintheseaisnotknow.(主语从句)
2.Theattorneytoldhisclientthattheyhadlittlechanceofwinningthecase.(宾语从句)
3.Theproblemiswhatwe'lldonext.(表语从句)
4.Wehavenoideathathehascomeback.(同位语从句)
同位语(Appositive):
同位语是英语语法的重点内容,也是各类考试中的一个考点,同时在写作中正确运用同位语可以使你的句型更加简洁得体。
WhenreportscameintoLondonzoothatawildpumahadbeenspottedforty-fivemilessouthofLondon,theywerenottakenseriously.
(当伦敦动物园接到报告说,在伦敦以南45英里处发现一只美洲狮时,这些报告并没有受到重视。)
在这里awildpumahadbeenspottedforty-fivemilessouthofLondon就是同位语从句,它本来应该放在“reports”后面,这里却被放在了谓语成分cameintoLondonzoo的后面,目的是让句型显得更为稳重。
I.简单记忆:同位语从句,就是对某些名词做进一步的解释的句子。
IwasgreatlyshockedwhenIheardthenewsthathisfatherdiedyesterday.
(that引导的句子解释了news的内容,注意:that不做任何成分)
Wehavetofacethefactthattheweatherisunexpectedlybad.
(that引导的句子解释了fact的内容)
II.联想记忆:
能接同位词从句的名词有:belief(信仰),fact,idea,doubt,rumor(谣言),evidence(证据),conclusion(结论),suggestion(建议),problem,order,answer,discovery(发现)explanation(解释),principle(原则),possibility(可能性),truth,promise(承诺),report(报告),statement(声明),knowledge(知识),opinion(观点),likelihood(可能性)
III.要点:
●同位语一般由that引导,但也可以用关系代词which,who,what和关系副词when,where,why,how或whether引导。
Therearousethequestionwhetherwecouldwinthegame.
Ihavenoideahowtoexplainit.
●一些介词词组后面也能引导同位语从句。(非常经典之功能句式,可用于四六级和托福作文,不妨一试!):
ontheassumption(在……前提下),
ontheground(由于……原因),
ontheconditionthat(在……条件下),
withtheexception(有……例外)
owingtothefact(由于……事实);
ontheunderstanding(基于……理解);
Theyoungladypromisedtomarrytheoldmanontheconditionthatheboughtheravilla.
IV.分隔式同位语从句
为了使句型平衡不至于头重脚轻,有时同位语从句可以放到句子的末尾
Anideacametohimthathemightwritetohertoaskmoreinformationaboutthematter.
IgotinformationfrommyfriendthattherewillbeamarvelousAmericanmovieTitanic.
免责声明:本站发布的教育资讯(图片、视频和文字)以本站原创、转载和分享为主,文章观点不代表本网站立场。
如果本文侵犯了您的权益,请联系底部站长邮箱进行举报反馈,一经查实,我们将在第一时间处理,感谢您对本站的关注!
新励学网教育平台
海量全面 · 详细解读 · 快捷可靠
累积科普文章数:18,862,126篇