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英语中的从句

发表时间:2024-07-08 10:53:54 来源:网友投稿

英语从句(Subordination)

英语从句主要有定语从句,状语从句和名词性从句(主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)

一.定语从句

1.定语从句:由关系代词who,whom,whose,that,which;关系副词when,where,why引导。

1.Thedeathnoticestellusaboutpeoplewhohavediedduringtheweek.

2.Theman(whom)youspoketojustnowismyfriend.

3.Thebuildingwhoselightsareonisbeautiful.

4.Pleasefindaplacewhichwecanhaveaprivatetalkin.

5.Thekneeisthejointwherethethighbonemeetsthelargeboneofthelowerleg.

6.Hestillremembersthedaywhenhewenttoschool.

7.Itisnoneedtellingusthereasonwhyyoudidn'tfinishitintime.

8.Hehasthreesons,twoofwhomdiedinthewar.

9.Mr.Smith,whosewifeisaclerk,teachesusEnglish.

10.IntheSundaypapertherearecomics,whichchildrenenjoy.

2.只能用that和who引导的定语从句

A.all,nothing,anything,afew,one做先行词指物时

B.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时,后面常跟that而不是which.

C.先行词前有theonly,thefirst,thelast,thenext,thevery等词修饰时,引导词只能用that。

D.当先行词是anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody时,后面要用who或whom;

●Allthatglittersisnotgold.闪光的并非都是金子。

3.as引导定语从句

as引导的定语从句有两种形式:

A.引导限制性语从句。

在此类定语从句中,as常与主语中作为其先行词的such,thesame或as联用构成,“such...as”,“thesame...as”和“as...as”句型,可代替先行词。

例如:Wehopetogetsuchatoolasheisusing.我们希望得到他正在用的那种工具。

B.as引导非限制性定语从句时,作用与which相同,as作为关系代词代替整个主句。

[注意区别]:

as引导的从句用于句首、句中或句后,而which引导的定语从句不能放在句首。

例如:Asisreported,aforeigndelegationwillvisitthecity.

二.状语从句

①原因:because,since,nowthat(既然)as,for,thisreason....

②结果:sothat,so,therefore,consequently,soasto,asaresult....

③时间:after,before,when,while,as,until,assoonas,since,bythetime,once,lately,presently,shortlyafter,currently,atpresent,nowadays...

④条件:if,onlyif.,once,unless,intheevent(that),incase(that),providedthat,ontheconditionthat,etc.

⑤让步:though,although,eventhough(if),nomatterwhat/how/when→whatever/however/whenever....

⑥目的:inorderthat,inorderto,to,

⑦比较:than,as...as,bycomparison(相比较),bycontrast(相对照)....

三.名词性从句

通常由that或疑问词导出。

1.Howsomemammalscametoliveintheseaisnotknow.(主语从句)

2.Theattorneytoldhisclientthattheyhadlittlechanceofwinningthecase.(宾语从句)

3.Theproblemiswhatwe'lldonext.(表语从句)

4.Wehavenoideathathehascomeback.(同位语从句)

同位语(Appositive):

同位语是英语语法的重点内容,也是各类考试中的一个考点,同时在写作中正确运用同位语可以使你的句型更加简洁得体。

WhenreportscameintoLondonzoothatawildpumahadbeenspottedforty-fivemilessouthofLondon,theywerenottakenseriously.

(当伦敦动物园接到报告说,在伦敦以南45英里处发现一只美洲狮时,这些报告并没有受到重视。)

在这里awildpumahadbeenspottedforty-fivemilessouthofLondon就是同位语从句,它本来应该放在“reports”后面,这里却被放在了谓语成分cameintoLondonzoo的后面,目的是让句型显得更为稳重。

I.简单记忆:同位语从句,就是对某些名词做进一步的解释的句子。

IwasgreatlyshockedwhenIheardthenewsthathisfatherdiedyesterday.

(that引导的句子解释了news的内容,注意:that不做任何成分)

Wehavetofacethefactthattheweatherisunexpectedlybad.

(that引导的句子解释了fact的内容)

II.联想记忆:

能接同位词从句的名词有:belief(信仰),fact,idea,doubt,rumor(谣言),evidence(证据),conclusion(结论),suggestion(建议),problem,order,answer,discovery(发现)explanation(解释),principle(原则),possibility(可能性),truth,promise(承诺),report(报告),statement(声明),knowledge(知识),opinion(观点),likelihood(可能性)

III.要点:

●同位语一般由that引导,但也可以用关系代词which,who,what和关系副词when,where,why,how或whether引导。

Therearousethequestionwhetherwecouldwinthegame.

Ihavenoideahowtoexplainit.

●一些介词词组后面也能引导同位语从句。(非常经典之功能句式,可用于四六级和托福作文,不妨一试!):

ontheassumption(在……前提下),

ontheground(由于……原因),

ontheconditionthat(在……条件下),

withtheexception(有……例外)

owingtothefact(由于……事实);

ontheunderstanding(基于……理解);

Theyoungladypromisedtomarrytheoldmanontheconditionthatheboughtheravilla.

IV.分隔式同位语从句

为了使句型平衡不至于头重脚轻,有时同位语从句可以放到句子的末尾

Anideacametohimthathemightwritetohertoaskmoreinformationaboutthematter.

IgotinformationfrommyfriendthattherewillbeamarvelousAmericanmovieTitanic.

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