英语virtualreality课文翻译

太长了以下只是原文的八分之一：

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VirtualReality

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Virtualreality(VR)isatechnologywhichallowsausertointeractwithacomputer-simulatedenvironment,beitarealorimaginedone.Mostcurrentvirtualrealityenvironmentsareprimarilyvisualexperiences,displayedeitheronacomputerscreenorthroughspecialorstereoscopicdisplays,butsomesimulationsincludeadditionalsensoryinformation,suchassoundthroughspeakersorheadphones.Someadvanced,hapticsystemsnowincludetactileinformation,generallyknownasforcefeedback,inmedicalandgamingapplications.Userscaninteractwithavirtualenvironmentoravirtualartifact(VA)eitherthroughtheuseofstandardinputdevicessuchasakeyboardandmouse,orthroughmultimodaldevicessuchasawiredglove,thePolhemusboomarm,andomnidirectionaltreadmill.Thesimulatedenvironmentcanbesimilartotherealworld,forexample,simulationsforpilotorcombattraining,oritcandiffersignificantlyfromreality,asinVRgames.Inpractice,itiscurrentlyverydifficulttocreateahigh-fidelityvirtualrealityexperience,duelargelytotechnicallimitationsonprocessingpower,imageresolutionandcommunicationbandwidth.However,thoselimitationsareexpectedtoeventuallybeovercomeasprocessor,imaginganddatacommunicationtechnologiesbecomemorepowerfulandcost-effectiveovertime.

VirtualRealityisoftenusedtodescribeawidevarietyofapplications,commonlyassociatedwithitsimmersive,highlyvisual,3Denvironments.ThedevelopmentofCADsoftware,graphicshardwareacceleration,headmounteddisplays,databaseglovesandminiaturizationhavehelpedpopularizethenotion.InthebookTheMetaphysicsofVirtualReality,MichaelHeimidentifiessevendifferentconceptsofVirtualReality:simulation,interaction,artificiality,immersion,telepresence,full-bodyimmersion,andnetworkcommunication.Thedefinitionstillhasacertainfuturisticromanticismattached.PeopleoftenidentifyVRwithHeadMountedDisplays,DataSuitsandStevenKing'sTheLawnmowerMan.

Terminology

Thetermartificialreality,coinedbyMyronKrueger,hasbeeninusesincethe1970sbuttheoriginofthetermvirtualrealityisuncertain.IthasbeencreditedtoTheJudasMandala,a1982sciencefictionnovelbyDamienBroderick,wherethecontextofuseissomewhatdifferentfromthatdefinedabove.TheearliestusecitedbytheOxfordEnglishDictionaryisina1987articleentitledVirtualreality,butthearticleisnotaboutVRtechnology.TheVRdeveloperJaronLanierclaimsthathecoinedtheterm.TheconceptofvirtualrealitywaspopularizedinmassmediabymoviessuchasBrainstormandTheLawnmowerMan(andothersmentionedbelow),andtheVRresearchboomofthe1990swasmotivatedinpartbythenon-fictionbookVirtualRealitybyHowardRheingold.Thebookservedtodemystifythesubject,makingitmoreaccessibletolesstechnicalresearchersandenthusiasts,withanimpactsimilartowhathisbookTheVirtualCommunityhadonvirtualcommunityresearchlinescloselyrelatedtoVR.Multimedia:fromWagnertoVirtualReality,editedbyRandallPackerandKenJordanandfirstpublishedin2001,exploresthetermanditshistoryfromanavant-gardeperspective.

Timeline

MortonHeiligwroteinthe1950sofanExperienceTheatrethatcouldencompassallthesensesinaneffectivemanner,thusdrawingtheviewerintotheonscreenactivity.HebuiltaprototypeofhisvisiondubbedtheSensoramain1962,alongwithfiveshortfilmstobedisplayedinitwhileengagingmultiplesenses(sight,sound,smell,andtouch).Predatingdigitalcomputing,theSensoramawasamechanicaldevice,whichreportedlystillfunctionstoday.In1968,IvanSutherland,withthehelpofhisstudentBobSproull,createdwhatiswidelyconsideredtobethefirstvirtualrealityandaugmentedreality(AR)headmounteddisplay(HMD)system.Itwasprimitivebothintermsofuserinterfaceandrealism,andtheHMDtobewornbytheuserwassoheavyithadtobesuspendedfromtheceiling,andthegraphicscomprisingthevirtualenvironmentweresimplewireframemodelrooms.Theformidableappearanceofthedeviceinspireditsname,TheSwordofDamocles.AlsonotableamongtheearlierhypermediaandvirtualrealitysystemswastheAspenMovieMap,whichwascreatedatMITin1977.TheprogramwasacrudevirtualsimulationofAspen,Coloradoinwhichuserscouldwanderthestreetsinoneofthreemodes:summer,winter,andpolygons.Thefirsttwowerebasedonphotographs—theresearchersactuallyphotographedeverypossiblemovementthroughthecity'sstreetgridinbothseasons—andthethirdwasabasic3-Dmodelofthecity.Inthelate1980sthetermvirtualrealitywaspopularizedbyJaronLanier,oneofthemodernpioneersofthefield.LanierhadfoundedthecompanyVPLResearch(fromVirtualProgrammingLanguages)in1985,whichdevelopedandbuiltsomeoftheseminalgogglesn'glovessystemsofthatdecade.

Future

Itisunclearexactlywherethefutureofvirtualrealityisheading.Intheshortrun,thegraphicsdisplayedintheHMDwillsoonreachapointofnearrealism.Theaudiocapabilitieswillmoveintoanewrealmofthreedimensionalsound.ThisreferstotheadditionofsoundchannelsbothaboveandbelowtheindividualoraHolophonyapproach.....

虚拟现实(VR)是一门技术,该技术允许使用者用计算机模拟环境相互作用,无论是一个真实或想象一个。目前大多数虚拟环境根本上就是虚拟体验,要么显示在计算机屏幕上或通过特殊或立体感显示,只是某些模拟包括另外的感觉信息,例如声音通过扬声器或耳机。一些先进、haptic系统现在还包括触觉信息,通常被认为是力反馈,在医疗和游戏应用。用户也可以与虚拟的环境或虚拟神器(VA)要么就是通过使用标准的输入设备,如键盘和鼠标,或通过多通道的装置,像是一个有线手套、Polhemus繁荣全方位的膀臂、和跑步机。模拟环境可以类似真实世界,例如,模拟为飞行或格斗训练显著,或它可以不同于现实,如在虚拟游戏中。在实践中,目前非常的困难,创造一个高度保真虚拟现实经验,主要由于处理能力的技术限制、图象解码和通讯带宽。但是预计那些限制最终得到克服,如同处理器,图象与数据通讯技术变得更加强大并且划算的。

　　虚拟现实通常是被用来描述各种类型的应用程序,通常联系在一起的引人入胜的、高度的视觉,3D环境。CAD软件的发展,图形硬件加速、头安装显示,数据库手套和小型化帮助推广这一观点。《形而上学》书中虚拟现实,迈克尔Heim识别7个不同的虚拟现实的概念:仿真、相互作用、人工,浸泡,觉临场感效果,全身浸、和网络通信。定义仍然有一定的未来派