英语语法：定语从句谁知道

定语从句:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子在复合句中充当定语，所以叫作定语从句。

先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。

关系词：引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词（who,whom,that,which,whose）和关系副词(where,when,why,)。

复合句：Themanwho(that)cameisMike.

先行词关系代词

LiMingistheonethatgotfullmarksinourclass.

先行词关系代词

上句的黑体字为复合句中的主句，蓝体字为定语从句.

一定语从句的关系代词Which的用法:若先行词指物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语.

Thisisthepenwhichwasgivenbymyfriend.

先行词指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语

Thisisthepenwhichmyfriendgavetome.

先行词指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语

二定语从句的关系代词Who的用法:若先行词指人则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语(如果前面带介词则必须用whom)

Themanwhoiswearingawhitesuitismybrother.

先行词指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语

Themanwho\whomhewantedtoseelastweekisinShanghai.

先行词指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语

SheisthegirlwithwhomIwentthere.

先行词指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾且介词于前.

三定语从句的关系代词Whom的用法:若先行词指人则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语(包括介词的宾语),与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom

Thisistheteacherwhom\whowelikebest.

先行词指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语

Sheisthegirlwhom\whoIwentwiththere.

先行词指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾.

Idon’tliketheboytowhomyouaretalking.

先行词指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾且介词于前.

四定语从句的关系代词that的用法:若先行词指人或物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语

Theanimalthat\whichislostisapanda.

先行词指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语

Sheisthepersonthat\whoweareworriedabout.

先行词指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语

注意1that\which在代物时常常可以通用,但有时只宜于用which,不用that

(1)关系代词前有介词时.

Thisisthehotelinwhichyouwillstay.

(2)如有两个定语从句,其中一句的关系代词是that,另一句宜于用which.

LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromtheliberarywhichwasnewlyopen(新开放)tous.

注意2that\which在代物时常常可以通用,但有时只宜于用that,不用which.

(1)先行词是形容词最高级或者它的前面有形容词最高级时

Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstairpollution(反对空气污染)incities.

Englishisthemostdifficultsubjectthatyouwilllearnduringtheseyears.

(2)先行词是序数词,或它的前面有一个序数词时

HeisthelastpersonthatIwanttosee.

(3)主句中已有疑问词时

Whichisthebikethatyoulost?

(4)先行词既有人又有物时

Thebikeanditsriderthathadrunover(撞倒了)anoldmanweretakentothepolicestation.

(5)先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等代词时

Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.

Wehaven’tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.

Imeantheonethatyoutalkedaboutjustnow.

(6)先行词前面有only,any,few,little,no,all,oneof,thesame,thevery等词修饰时

Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.

LiMingistheonlyonethatgotfullmarks(满分)inourclass.

LiMingisoneofthestudentsthatwanttobeteachersinourclass.

(7)有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已用which,另外一个宜用that

Edisonbuiltupafactory(办了一个工厂)whichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.

定语从句的关系副词Where的用法:若先行词指地点且其在定语从句中充当地点状语.

Thisisthehouse+Iwasborninthehouse.(=Iwasbornthere)

介词短语副词

=ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.这就是我在那儿出生的房子.

先行词关系副词

inwhichIwasborn.

介词+关系代词

whichIwasbornin.

关系代词

这里作介宾的which和that可以省略

thatIwasbornin

关系代词.

练习：用which，where填空

1Thisisthefactorywheretheywanttovisit。

2Mysisterworksinabookshopinwhichwecanreadmanykindsofbooks

3Haveyouvisitedthecitywherethefamousscientistwasborn?

4Isthisthemuseumwhichtheyvisitedlastmonth?

5Hebuiltatelescopethroughwhichhecouldstudytheskies.

6Thepencilwith_which_______hewrotewasbroken.

7Isthistheshop_which____sellschildren’sclothing?

8Istillrememberthesitting-room_where____mymotherandIusedtositintheevening.

9Don’tgoin,thisistheshop_which____wehavejustbeento。

10Pleaseshowmethebook_which____youboughtyesterday_____.

二定语从句的关系副词When的用法:若先行词指时间且其在定语从句

中充当时间状语.

Hecameatatime+weneededhelpatatime.

介词短语

=Hecameatatimewhenweneededhelp

关系副词

atwhichweneededhelp

介词+关系代词

whichweneededhelpat

关系代词这里的作介宾的which和that可以省略

thatweneededhelpat

三关系副词why的用法：在定语从句中只要先行词是thereason，它的关系副词就是why。

如：ThereasonwhyI’mcallingyouistoinviteyoutotheparty.