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高考英语阅读:主旨大意题的解题技巧

发表时间:2024-07-10 05:19:21 来源:网友投稿

高考英语阅读:主旨大意题的解题技巧

  马上就要高考了,我整理了一些比较有针对性的高考英语复习技巧资料给大家参考,希望可以帮助同学们提高自身综合英语能力,战胜高考。

  一、主旨大意题的命题形式

  主旨大意题旨在考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力,亦即考查考生的归纳概括能力。这类试题包括要求考生选出短文的标题(title,headline)、短文或段落的主题(subject)、中心思想(mainidea)、作者的写作目的(purpose或为传递信息、或为愉悦读者、或为阐述某一道理)等。这类题的设问方式主要有:

  (1)Thesubjectofthepassage/paragraphis______.

  (2)Themainideaofthepassage/paragraphis______.

  (3)Thetextismainlyabout______.

  (4)Thepassagemainlycenterson______.

  (5)Thepassagemainlytellsabout______.

  (6)Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?

  (7)Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

  (8)Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

  (9)Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlydiscuss?

  (10)Whatisthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeinthelastparagraph?

  (11)Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

  (12)Whichtitlebestgivestheideaofthepassage?

  (13)Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

  (14)Whatmightbethemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?

  (15)Thebestheadlinesforthisnewspaperarticlewouldbe______

  (16)Themainpurposeofannouncingtheaboveeventsistogiveinformationabout______.

  (17)Thewriter'spurposeinwritingthisstoryis______.

  (18)Whatistheauthor'smainpurpose?

  (19)Whatdoesthewriterreallywanttotellusinthispassage?

  (20)Thewriterwrotethestoryinorderto______.

  (21)Whatistheadvicegiveninthetext/passage/article?

  二、寻找主题句的方法

  正确的解答这类题目的关键是准确地找出文章的主题句。一般来说一篇文章常常会围绕着一个中心思想或一个主要话题展开,而这个话题又常常通过一个能比较全面地覆盖或概括文章意思的句子,即所谓的主题句来体现。那么主题句通常在哪里呢?(1)主题句在文首;(2)主题句在文中;(3)主题句在文末;(4)主题句以首尾呼应的形式出现在文首和文末。

  1.主题句在文首

  这类文章写法上的特点是:文章的第一句起着点题的作用,概括了文章的主要内容或信息,下文接着对主题句所涉及的话题进行具体的`阐述。如:(全国高考题)

  AJINTAN,JIANGSU:The20students18boysand2girlshadathousandreasonstobeproudofthemselves.Theyhadjustclimbedtheirwaytothetoprung(阶梯)outof4millionstudentstakingpartintheFifthNationalHuaLuogengGoldCupMathematicsContest(竞赛)onTuesdayevening.

  The20goldmedalwinnersareallprimaryandmiddleschoolstudentsundertheageof14.

  Manyoftheproblemsareofcollegelevelandthesepupilscanfigurethemout.Itisjustunbelievable!saidateacherfromGuangdongprovince.

  NamedafterChina'smostfamousmathematician,HuaLuogeng,theconteststartedin1986,oneyearafterhisdeath.Inlessthan10years,ithasbeenrecognizedbytheStateEducationCommission(国家教委)asthecountry'sbiggestandbestcontestofitskind.

  Thisnewsstoryismainlyabout______.

  A.whentheconteststarted

  B.howthecontestgotitsname

  C.the20pupilswhohavewongoldmedalsinthecontest

  D.the5thNationalHuaLuogengGoldCupMathematicsContest

  【分析】这是一篇报道,文章的第一段只有两句话:20个学生(2女18男)有充分的理由为自己感到自豪,因为他们夺得了第五届华罗庚杯数学竞赛的金奖,是4百万参赛学生中的佼佼者,下文接着对竞赛的有关情况进行报道,因此第一段实际上就是这篇报道的主题句。A、B、C分别只包含了报道的部分信息,显然不合题意;D选项与主题句的意思完全一致,因此是正确答案。

  2.主题句在文中

  这类文章写法上的特点是:开始部分是引题,接着是点题,最后是对主题进行叙述,主题句常常起着承上启下的作用。如:(全国高考题)

  Fatonhumanbeingsisdistributedindifferentways.Somefatpeoplehavealargestomachandnowaistlinewhichmakesthemlookround,ratherlikeapples.Othersarefatterbelowthewaist,whichmakesthemappearpear-shaped.

  Therearetwotypesoffat:externalfat(fatundertheskin)andinternalfat(fatinsidethebodywall).Doctors,whohavebeenexaminingtherelationshipbetweenhealthandfatness,havefoundthatthe'pears'havelessinternalfat,butthe'apples'havemoreinternalfatthanexternalfat.Thisseemstobewhatcausesthehealthproblems.

  Thebesttreatmentforfatnessistoreducetheinternalfat.Butunfortunatelyitseemsthatdieting(节食)simplymakesanapple-shapedpersonintoasmallerappleandapear-shapedpersonintoasmallerpear.Atthemomentthereisnoknownwayofreducingtheinternalratherthanexternalfat.

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