求1000字左右的土木工程英语文章带翻译的

大家都是搞工程的,有的是工程师,有的是未来的工程师.

你知道用英文怎样告诉他人,工程师和土木工程师是干什么的吗?

SO,here:

Engineersapplytheprinciplesofscienceandmathematicstodevelopeconomicalsolutionstotechnicalproblems.Theirworkisthelinkbetweenperceivedsocialneedsandcommercialapplications.

Engineersconsidermanyfactorswhendevelopinganewproduct.Forexample,indevelopinganindustrialrobot,engineerspreciselyspecifythefunctionalrequirements;designandtesttherobot抯components;integratethecomponentstoproducethefinaldesign;andevaluatethedesign抯overalleffectiveness,cost,reliability,andsafety.Thisprocessappliestothedevelopmentofmanydifferentproducts,suchaschemicals,computers,gasturbines,helicopters,andtoys.

Inadditiontodesignanddevelopment,manyengineersworkintesting,production,ormaintenance.Theseengineerssuperviseproductioninfactories,determinethecausesofcomponentfailure,andtestmanufacturedproductstomaintainquality.Theyalsoestimatethetimeandcosttocompleteprojects.Somemoveintoengineeringmanagementorintosales.Insales,anengineeringbackgroundenablesthemtodiscusstechnicalaspectsandassistinproductplanning,installation,anduse.Supervisoryengineersareresponsibleformajorcomponentsorentireprojects.

Civilengineersdesignandsupervisetheconstructionofroads,buildings,airports,tunnels,dams,bridges,andwatersupplyandsewagesystems.Theymustconsidermanyfactorsinthedesignprocess,fromtheconstructioncostsandexpectedlifetimeofaprojecttogovernmentregulationsandpotentialenvironmentalhazardssuchasearthquakes.Civilengineering,consideredoneoftheoldestengineeringdisciplines,encompassesmanyspecialties.Themajorspecialtiesarestructural,waterresources,construction,environmental,transportation,andgeotechnicalengineering.Manycivilengineersholdsupervisoryoradministrativepositions,fromsupervisorofaconstructionsitetocityengineer.Othersmayworkindesign,construction,research,andteaching