英语写作：好的段落

英语写作：好的段落

　　1.完整

　　完整是就段落中心的内容而言。为了使一个段落的内容完整，它所有的句子必须都围绕着一个中心主题进行叙述。中心主题往往由一中心句点出，即所谓的主题句。主题句或中心句可置于段首，也可置于段中或段末。请看下面的例子：

　　Oneofthecentralpreoccupationsoftheartsandhumanitiesistheobservationofhumanbeings.Paintersandsculptorscreateimagesofthehumanform;writerstellstoriesorcomposepoemsabouthumanexperience;musicalartistsgivemelodiccontourstothehumanspirit;historiansandphilosopherspondertheessentialqualitiesofhumancivilizationandnature.Andinourownlives,inourownways,wespendagreatdealofourenergyandattentiononourfellowcreatures,beinginfamiliesandotherkindsofrelationship,observingpeoplewithcuriosityandinterestinthecourseoftheday,thinkingaboutandformingourowncharacter-decidingwhatkindofpersonwewishtobe-aswegrow.

　　--DonKnefel

　　2.连贯连贯是指段落的.结构是否有条理。一个段落中的句子应该条理清晰，层次分明，衔接自然流畅。只有做到这些，读者才能跟上作者的思路，明白他要讲的意思。

　　3.过渡

　　在一个段落里，即使所有的句子意思都清楚并且逻辑顺序排列正确，但是如果缺乏句与句之间恰当的过渡，整个段落的连贯性仍会受到影响。

　　以下几种方法可以用来加强句与句之间的连贯性：

　　(1)使用平行结构;

　　(2)重复一个词或一个词组;

　　(3)在复指上一句提到的名词时使用代词;

　　(4)段落中名词和代词的人称和数量保持一致;动词时态也须保持一致。

　　(5)使用过渡词语：

　　1)用于按空间展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有：

　　above;beforeme;here;ontheleft;acrossfrom;below;inthedistance;ontheright;adjacentto;beyond;nearby;oppositeto

　　2)用于按时间顺序展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有：

　　first,second,etc.;soon;eventually;inthemeantime;then;thereupon;atthesametime;next;thereafter

　　3)用于按分析法展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有：

　　first,second,etc.;now;forthefirsttime;but;asaresult;furthermore;finally;atlast;moreover

　　4)用于按比较法展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有：

　　another;furthermore;moreover;equallyimportant;too,also;atthesametime;besides;then;accordingly

　　5)用于按对比法展开的段落之中的连接词和过渡词有：

　　onthecontrary;differentfrom/incontrast;ontheotherhand;to;despite;inspiteof;unlike;nevertheless

　　这期的作业：

　　1.下面列出的是一个中心句和九个有关的句子。把句子按最佳顺序重新排列，并据此写出一段话。中心句应为该段的首句：

　　中心句：SinceIbeganlivinginanapartmentandgoingtoschool,mybiggestproblemhasbeenthehousework.

　　1.Cookingmyfoodisabiggerproblem.

　　2.Theworstproblemisdoingmylaundry.

　　3.Cleaningtheapartmentisnottoobad;althoughittakestimeawayfrommystudies;atleastwhenIfinishtheapartmentlooksnice.

　　4.Sometimesthefoodisburned,sometimesitisnotcookedenough,andsometimesIhavenotmeasuredcorrectly,sothefoodtastesterrible.

　　5.ShoppingformyfoodismoredifficultbecauseIdon'tknowtheEnglishnamesofmanyfoods,andoftenIhavetospendextratimeaskingforhelp.

　　6.Thelaundromatisfarfrommyapartment,andIwastemuchvaluabletime.

　　7.Ihaveneverhadtocookbefore,andusuallytheresultsarediscouraging.

　　8.MostlyIamembarrassedasIsitinthelaundromatwithallthewomen,andsoIwaituntilallmyclothesaredirtybeforeIdothishorribletask.

　　9.Ialsohavetroublewiththecomplicatedinstructions,sooccasionallyIendupwithpinksocksorashirtthatistoosmall.

　　Today'sRecommend：

　　请看下面的段落，注意作者是如何使用以上四种方法写出了一个内容连贯、生动流畅的段落的。

　　Americansarequeerpeople:theycan'tplay.Americansrushtoworkassoonastheygrowup.Theywanttheirworkassoonastheywake.Itisastimulant-theonlyonetheyarenotafraidof.Theyusedtoopentheirofficesatteno'clock;thenatnine;thenateight;thenatseven.Nowtheynevershutthem.EverybusinessinAmericaisturningintoanopen-all-day-and-nightbusiness.Theyeatallnight,danceallnight,buildbuildingsallnight,makeanoiseallnight.Theycan'tplay.Theytryto,butcan't.Theyturnfootballintoafight,baseballintoalawsuit,andyachtingintomachinery.Theycan'tplay.Thelittlechildrencan'tplay;theyusemechanicaltoysinstead-toycranes,hoistingtoyloads,toymachineryspreadingatoyindustrialdepressionofinfantiledullness.Thegrownuppeoplecan'tplay;theyuseamechanicalgymnasiumandaclockworkhorse.Theycan'tlaugh;theyhireacomedianandwatchhimlaugh.

　　--StephenLeacock