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Diet

PandaseatingbambooattheNationalZooinWashington,D.C.Despiteitstaxonomicclassificationasacarnivore,theGiantPandahasadietthatisprimarilyherbivorous,whichconsistsalmostexclusivelyofbamboo.However,theGiantPandastillhasthedigestivesystemofacarnivoreanddoesnothavetheabilitytodigestcelluloseefficiently,andthusderiveslittleenergyandlittleproteinfromconsumptionofbamboo.TheaverageGiantPandaeatsasmuchas9to14kg(20to30pounds)ofbambooshootsaday.BecausetheGiantPandaconsumesadietlowinnutrition,itisimportantforittokeepitsdigestivetractfull.Thelimitedenergyinputimposedonitbyitsdiethasaffectedthepanda'sbehavior.TheGiantPandatendstolimititssocialinteractionsandavoidssteeplyslopingterraininordertolimititsenergyexpenditures.[18]

Twoofthepanda'smostdistinctivefeatures,itslargesizeanditsroundface,areadaptationstoitsbamboodiet.PandaresearcherRussellCiochonobservedthat:“[much]likethevegetariangorilla,thelowbodysurfaceareatobodyvolume[ofthegiantpanda]isindicativeofalowermetabolicrate.Thislowermetabolicrateandamoresedentarylifestyleallowthegiantpandatosubsistonnutrientpoorresourcessuchasbamboo.”[18]Similarly,theGiantPanda'sroundfaceistheresultofpowerfuljawmuscles,whichattachfromthetopoftheheadtothejaw.[18]Largemolarscrushandgrindfibrousplantmaterial.

PandaeatingbambooTwenty-fivespeciesofbambooareeatenbypandasinthewild,suchasFargesiadracocephalaandFargesiarufa.[20]Onlyafewbamboospeciesarewidespreadatthehighaltitudespandasnowinhabit.Bambooleavescontainthehighestproteinlevels;stemshaveless.

Becauseofthesynchronousflowering,death,andregenerationofallbamboowithinaspecies,theGiantPandamusthaveatleasttwodifferentspeciesavailableinitsrangetoavoidstarvation.Whileprimarilyherbivorous,theGiantPandastillretainsdecidedlyursineteeth,andwilleatmeat,fish,andeggswhenavailable.Incaptivity,zoostypicallymaintaintheGiantPanda'sbamboodiet,thoughsomewillprovidespeciallyformulatedbiscuitsorotherdietarysupplements.