英语作文,当遇到暴风雨的时候我们该怎么办

IntheCaseofaThunderstormBeforeathunderstorm,youshould:

Removedeadorrottingtreesandbranchesthatcouldfallandcauseinjuryordamageduringaseverethunderstorm.

Ifthunderroars,goindoors,becausenoplaceoutsideissafeduringathunderstorm.Everyoneshouldstayinsideuntil30minuteshavepassedafterthelastclapofthunder.

SummaryofLightningSafetyTipsforInsidetheHome

Avoidcontactwithcordedphones,electricalequipment,orcords.Ifyouplantounpluganyelectronicequipment,dosowellbeforethestormarrives.

Avoidcontactwithplumbing.Donotwashyourhands,donottakeashower,donotwashdishes,anddonotdolaundry.

Stayawayfromwindowsanddoors,andstayoffporches.

Donotlieonconcretefloorsanddonotleanagainstconcretewalls.

Thefollowingareguidelinesforwhatyoushoulddoifathunderstormislikelyinyourarea:

Postponeoutdooractivities.

Getinsideahome,building,orhardtopautomobile(notaconvertible).Althoughyoumayormaynotbeinjurediflightningstrikesyourcar,youaremuchsaferinsideavehiclethanoutside.

Remember,rubber-soledshoesandrubbertiresprovideNOprotectionfromlightning.However,thesteelframeofahard-toppedvehicleprovidesincreasedprotectionifyouarenottouchingmetal.

Secureoutdoorobjectsthatcouldgetblownaway.

Shutterwindowsandsecureoutsidedoors.Ifshuttersarenotavailable,closewindowblinds,shades,orcurtains.

Avoidshoweringorbathing.Plumbingandbathroomfixturescanconductelectricity.

Useacordedtelephoneonlyforemergencies.Cellphonesaresafetouse.

Unplugappliancesandotherelectricalitemssuchascomputersandturnoffairconditioners.Powersurgesfromlightningcancauseseriousdamage.

Useyourbattery-operatedNOAAWeatherRadioforupdatesfromlocalofficials.

Iftherearenobuildingstogetin:

Getinsideacarandclosealldoorsandwindows.

Iftherearenocarsaround,gettolowerground.

Iftherearetwohillsnearby,standbetweenthem,sothehillsaremorelikelytobezappedthanyou.

Ifthereisabsolutelynothingnearbytoprotectyou,crouchlowbutstayonyourtwofeetandmakeminimumcontactwiththeground,soyou'restilllesslikelytobezapped.

Method1of4:TakingShelterandStayingSafe

1

Findshelterimmediately.Ifyoufindyourselfcaughtinalightningstorm,thekeytominimizingdangeristogetinsideaprotectivestructure.Whilemostpeopleseekshelteriflightningappearstobenear,peoplecommonlywaittoolongtoseekshelter.Ifyoucandetectlightning,itmaybecloseenoughtostrikeyou.Don’twaitforittostrikerightnexttoyou(orontopofyou)togettosafety.Neverstandunderatallorshorttree,andavoidbeingclosetopowerlinesasthey'rebothexcellentconductorsofelectricityandcouldpotentiallycausedeath,ifnotseriousinjury.Findshelternearorunderastonyshelter,sayacavernorsomething.[1]

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Substantial,frequentlyinhabitedbuildings(thosegroundedwithplumbing,electricalsystems,and,ifpossible,lightningrods)arebest.

Ifyoucan’tfindasubstantialstructure,getinacarwithametalroofandsides.Ifthecarisstruck,themetalbodywillconducttheelectricityaroundyou,notthroughyou.Makesureallwindowsarerolledupanddoorsareclosed.Becarefulnottoleanagainstanymetal--ifyoudo,thelightningwillbeconductedintoyourbodyifitstrikesthecar.Donotusetheradio.

Avoidsmallstructures,suchasstand-alonepublicrestrooms.Opencoveringandrainsheltersarealsonotsuitable.Thesestructureswillattractlightningandprovidenoprotection,makingthemmoredangeroustobearound.

Standingunderatreeisaverybadchoice.Lightningstrikestallobjects,andifthetreeyouarestandingunderisstruck,youmaybestruckaswellorinjuredbythetree.

Bringinyourpets.Doghousesandotherpetsheltersarenotsuitableprotectionagainstlightningstrikes.Apetleashedtoafencehasamuchhigherriskofgettingstruckbylightning.

2

Stayawayfromwindows.Keepwindowsclosed,andtrytostaywithininnerroomsofthestructure.Windowsprovideadirectpathforthelightningtotravel.

3

Don’ttouchanythingmetalorelectrical.Usingalandlinephoneisthemaincauseoflightning-relatedinjuriesintheUS.[2]Lightningcantravelintothehomefromthroughanymaterialthatconductselectricity.Thisincludeslandlines,electricalwiring,andplumbing.

Donottouchanyelectricaloutletsduringastorm.Donotunpluganydevicesduringanlightningstorm,asthestrikecouldbetransferredtoyou.

Donotlieonconcretefloorsorleanagainstconcretewalls.Mostconcretehasawiremeshwhichcanconductelectricity

Stayoutofthebathtuborshower,andavoidindoorswimmingpools.

Inacar,trytoavoidtouchinganypartofthemetalframeorthecar'sglass.

4

Stayinside.Stayinsideatleast30minutesafterthelaststrike.Don’tgooutjustbecausetherainisstartingtoletup.Thereisstillasignificantriskoflightningstrikesfromadepartingstorm.[3]

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Method2of4:SurvivingThunderstormsOutside

1

Minimizeyourrisk.Ifyouabsolutelycannotreachshelterduringalightningstorm,doeverythingyoucantominimizeyourrisk.

Movetoalowerelevation.Lightningismuchmorelikelytostrikeobjectsathigherelevations.Dowhatyoucandogetaslowaspossible.

Avoidlargeopenspaceswhereyouaretallerthananythingelsearoundyou,likeagolfcourseorsoccerfield.

Stayawayfromisolatedobjectssuchastreesandlightposts.

Getawayfromunprotectedvehicles,suchasgolfcarts,andunprotectedstructures,suchaspicnicshelters.Avoidlongmetalstructures,i.e.bleachers.

2

Getoutofthewater.Ifyouarefishingorswimming,getoutofthewaterimmediately,andmoveawayfromthebodyofwater.Beingnearwaterisextremelydangerousduringalightningstorm.

3

Spreadout.Ifyouarecaughtinalightningstormwithagroupofpeople,maintainadistanceofatleast50–100feet(15.2–30.5m)betweeneachperson.Thiswillreducetheriskoflightningtravelingfromonepersontoanother.

Takeaheadcountaftereveryclosestrike.Thiswillensurethatanyonestruckwillgetemergencyattentionquickly.

4

Removeyourbackpack.Ifyouarehikingwithametalframebackpack,removeitassoonasyoudetectlightning.Makesuretoleaveitatleast100feet(30.5m)fromwhereveryouaretakingshelter.[4]

5

Assumethe“lightningcrouch”.Squatdownwithyourfeettogether,yourheadtuckedtoyourchestorbetweenyourknees,andyourhandscoveringyourearsorflatagainstyourknees.DoNOTlieflatontheground,asthisgivesthelightningalargertarget.

Thisisadifficultpositiontoholdanditbynomeansguaranteesyoursafety.However,bymakingiteasierforalightningstriketoflowoveryourbodyratherthanthroughvitalorgans,youmaybeabletosustainasmallerinjuryfromit.

Coveryourearsandcloseyoureyestoprotectagainstnearbythunderandbrightlightningflashes.

6

Bealertforanimminentlightningstrike.Iflightningisabouttostrikeyouorstrikenearyou,yourhairmaystandonend,oryoumayfeelatinglinginyourskin.Lightmetalobjectsmayvibrate,andyoumayhearacracklingsoundorkeekeesound.Ifyoudetectanyofthesesignals,assumethelightningcrouchimmediately.

7

Wearrubberboots.Theyaremadeofamaterialwhichisabadelectricalconductor.

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Method3of4:TakingPrecautions

1

Planahead.Thebestwaytoavoidinjuryfromalightningstormistoavoiditcompletely.Makeyourplanswithdangerousweatherinmind.Listentothelocalweatherforecast,andpayspecialattentiontothunderstormadvisories.

Researchthelocalclimate:insomeareasyoucanalmostguaranteeathunderstormonsummerafternoons.Scheduleyouractivitiestoavoidmanyhigh-risksituations.Thosehot,muggydaysarejustthethingthatathunderstormneedstogetgoing.[5]

2

Watchtheskies.Whenyou’reoutandabout,watchtheskyforsignsofapproachingthunderstorms,suchasrain,darkeningskies,ortoweringcumulonimbusclouds.Ifyoucananticipatelightningbeforethefirststrike,youcanavoidbeingcaughtinabadsituation.

Notethatlightningcan,however,strikeevenintheabsenceoftheseindicators.

3

Calculatethedistancetothelightning.Ifconditionspermitgoodvisibility,andit’snotpracticaltoseekshelterwheneveryounoticeastrike,usethe30secondrule:ifthetimebetweenalightningflashandtheresultingthunderis30secondsorless(aka6miles(9.7km)orless),gettoshelterimmediately.

4

Planyourresponse.Ifyouareinanareathatyouexpectwillseelightningstorms,knowwheresafesheltersare.Communicateyourplanstoyourgroupsothateveryoneknowswhattodoinanemergency.