中考英语语法汇总形容词和副词语法讲解（二）

3．形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成分为三种类型：,1）在大多数单音节词和少数双音节词的词尾加er，est。（1）一般情况在词尾加-er，est。如：hardharderhardest（2）以字母e结尾的只加-r，-st。如：largelargerlargest（3）以辅音字母+y结尾的，先改y为i，再加-er，est。如：healthyhealthierhealthiest（4）单元音单辅音结尾的重读闭音节，先双写该辅音，再加-er，est。如：thinthinnerthinnest注：词尾为ow，er，le结尾的双音节词都采用这种形式。如：narrownarrowernarrowestclevercleverercleverestsimplesimplersimplest,2）在多音节和部分双音节词的词前加more，most。另外由过去分词转化而成的形容词，不论多少个音节都用这种形式。如：seriousmoreseriousmostseriouspopularmorepopularmostpopulartiredmoretiredmosttiredpleasedmorepleasedmostpleased,3）不规则变化：good/wellbetterbestbad/ill/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest,4．形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法1）同级比较。常用句型为：肯定结构：as+形容词（副词）原级+as否定结构：notso(as)+形容词（副词）原级+as如：Ourgardenisasbeautifulastheirs.Janedidn'twriteas/socarefullyashereldersister.上述本句型前可以有表示倍数或分数的修饰语，如：Thisroomisthreetimesaslargeasthatone.,2）程度不等的比较，常与than连用，其基本句型是：A+形容词（副词）比较级+thanB如：ShanghaiisbiggerthananyothercityinChina.Whichdoyoulikebetter,strawberriesorgrapes?,3）最高级。最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较，其结构是：the+形容词（副词）最高级+比较范围（of/among/in短语）如：SpringisthebestseasoninShanghai.Davidisthecleverestamongthethreebrothers.Tomjumps(the)farthestofallthestudents.注：副词的最高级前the可以省略。,5．学习比较等级时的—些注意事项,1）比较的对象应当一致。如：It'shotterinGuangzhouthanBeijing.（误）It'shotterinGuangzhouthaninBeijing.（正）Awoman'sheartbeatsfasterthanaman.（误）Awoman'sheartbeatsfasterthanaman’s.（正）,2)不能与自身相比较。应借助other或else来表达排除。如：Beckhamismorepopularthananyfootballplayerintheworld.（误）Beckhamismorepopularthananyotherfootballplayerintheworld（正）Beckhamismorepopularthanalltheotherfootballplayersintheworld.（正）Beckhamismorepopularthananyfootballplayer,elseintheworld.（正）Beckhamisthemostpopularfootballplayerintheworld.（正）,3)形容词和副词的比较级前可以用以下单词来修饰：much,even,far,abit,alittle,alot，still等。Thispairofshoesisevencheaper.Thenewtextbookisalittlethickerthantheoldone.HeisfiveyearsyoungerthanI.,4)在比较级的句子中出现“oftheo”之类的结构时，比较级前也需加定冠词the。如：Heistheshorteroftheoboys.Whichisthelargercountry,CanadaorAustralia?,5)“比较级+and+比较级”结构，表示“越来越……”，多音节词则要用“more+and+more+原级”。如：Ablockoficeisbeing***allerand***aller.Iammoreandmoreinterestedinhistory.,6)“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，表示“越是……就越”。如：Thesooner,thebetter.（越快越好。）Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.,点击此处查看【中考英语语法汇总】形容词和副词语法讲解（一）