英语的复合结构有哪几种

英语根据句子种类与用途可以分为（以下4种）

（1）陈述句：

1肯定：Heisastudent;HelikeswatchingTV

2否定:Heisnotastudent;Hedoesn'tlikewatchingTV

（2）疑问句：

1一般疑问句；Areyouateacher?Doyoulikeswimming?

2选择疑问句；Areyouateacheroradoctor?Doyoulikeswimmingorskating?

3特殊疑问句；Whatisyourfavouritefood?Wheredidyougojustnow?

4反意疑问句:Heisastudent,isn'the?Sheworkssohard,doesn'tshe?

（3）祈使句：

1肯定；Closethedoorplease

2否定:Don'ttalkinclass

（4）感叹句：

1WHAT感叹；Whatanicegirlsheis!

2HOW感叹:Howbeautifullyshesings

英语根据句子结构可以分为（三种）

（1）简单句（6种）

（2）并列句（4种）

（3）复合句（14种）

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(NounClauses）

名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句

【一】主语从句【二】表语从句【三】宾语从句

【四】定语从句【五】同位语从句【六】状语从句

其中状语从句分为以下9种

（1）时间状语从句

（2）地点状语从句

（3）条件状语从句

（4）原因状语从句

（5）让步状语从句

（6）方式状语从句

（7）比较状语从句

（8）目的状语从句

（9）结果状语从句

【一】主语从句：在主句种充当主语成分的从句叫主语从句，

引导主语从句的连词有：从属连词；连接代词；连接副词

A从属连词：that，whether。

从属连词；that，whether引导的主语从句在主语从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接词的作用，通常不可以省略。分句置于句首时，that绝对不可以省略。如果是由It作形式主语，后面that可以省略.

1,有that引导的主语从句如下：

1.Thatthedrivercouldnotcontrolhiswarwasobvious.

=Itwasobvious（that）thedrivercouldnotcontrolhiscar.

2.Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.

=itmadeusveryhappythatshewaschosen

3.Thatheisstillaliveissheerluck.他还活着全靠运气。

=Itissheerluckthatsheisstillalive

4.Thatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailureisquiteclear

=Itisquiteclearthatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure.

很清楚整个计划注定要失败。

5.Thatyoushouldhavetoleaveisapity

=It'sapitythatyoushouldhavetoleave.

你非走不可真是件憾事。

6.Thathewillrefusethispieceofadviceisimpossible.

=Itisimpossiblethathewillrefusethispieceofadvice

7.Thattheyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural

=Itisnaturalthattheyshouldlikeeachother

8.Thathewillnotcometothemeetingthiseveningistrue

=Itistruethathewillnotcometothemeetingthisevening

9.Thathewillhelpothersisafact

10.Thattheearthturnsaroundthesunisknowntoall.

=Itisknowntoallthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.

11.Thatwecanwiniscertain

=Itiscertainthatwecanwin.

12.Thatyouhavemadeamistakeisafact.

=Itisafactthatyouhavemadeamistake

13.Itisorderedthatweshouldleaveatonce.

14.Thatyoudon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.

用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：

a.It+be+形容词+that-从句

Itisnecessarythat…　有必要……

Itisimportantthat…　重要的是……

Itisobviousthat…很明显……

It’scertainthat…肯定…

Itispossiblethat...很可能……

Itisunlikelythat...不可能……

Itisnecessary\important\natural\...that…

Itispossiblethatshewillcomebacktomorrow.

Itisobviousthatthismeasureiseffective.

b.It+be+Ved分词+that-从句

Itisknowntoallthat…　从所周知……

Ithasbeendecidedthat…已决定……

Itissaidthat...据说……

Itisknowntoallthat...众所周知……

Itisreportedthat...据报道……

Itisbelievedthat...据信……;人们相信……

Itissuggestedthat+(should）do...建议……

Itmustbeadmittedthat…必须承认……

Itcannotbedeniedthat…不可否认……

Itmustbepointedoutthat…需指出的是……

Itwasreportedthat20peoplewerekilledintheaccident.

Itwassuggestedthatweshouldeatmorevegetableanddomoreexercise

c.It+be+名词+that-从句

Itisapity/shamethat...遗憾的是……

Itisasurprisethat…令人惊奇的是…

Itiscommonknowledgethat……是常识

Itiscommonknowledgethat…　是常识

Itisafactthat…　事实是……

Itwasapitythatwelostthematch.

Itwasafactthathecheatedintheexam.

d.It+不及物动词+that-分句

Itappearsthat…似乎……

Ithappensthat…碰巧……

Itoccurredtomethat…我突然想起……

ItoccurredtomethatIforgottosendthisletter

IthappenedthatIcameintotheofficeatthattime.

Itisimportant(necessary/advisable/desirable/imperative/true/strange/possible...)that...需要注意的是,这类主语从句中,谓语动词很多为(should)＋动词原形,即要用虚拟语气。例如:

Itisnecessarythatseveralnurses(should)stay.

几个护士留在这儿是很有必要的。

Itisimperativethateveryone(should)learnfrompractice.

每个人都应该从实践中学习。

Itisreported(well-known/hoped/thought/expected/said/believed/decided/suggested/ordered...)that...例如:

Itissaidthatmanypeoplewaskilledintheearthquake.

据说很多人在这次地震中丧生了。

itseems(appears/doesn’tmatter/makesnodifference/...)that...

例如:

Itmakesnodifferencewhetherhewillattendthemeetingornot.

他是否会参加会议都无关紧要。

当用it作形式主语,而将主语从句放在句尾时,主语从句中的否定词常要前移至主句中。例如:

Itdoesn’tseemthattheyarefromthesameuniversity.

Itdoesn’tappearthatwe’llhaveasunnydaytomorrow.

if不能用在主语从句中，而是用whether，如果主语从句放在句首，不能用if引导，但是如果用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导.或把if改为whether

IfMaryreallyheardhimisreallydoubtful.

正：ItwasdoubtfulifMaryreallyheardhim.

正:WhetherMaryreallyheardhimisreallydoubtful.

Whetherheleft(ornot)isunknown

Whetherhewillcomeisnotclear.

Whetheritwillrainornot)isnotclear

Whetherhe’llcomehereisn’tclear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。

Whetherwewillgotomorrow)hasn’tbeendecidedyet

Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.

Whetherthepolicemanwillcomeisnotcertain.

Whetherthe2000OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisnotknownyet.

Whetherwe’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.

whetherhelikesthejobisnotclear.

.注意区分it作形式主语的主语从句与强调句

强调句句型Itis/was+被强调部分+that,去掉Itis/was,that，句子仍然成立。

Itisnaturalthattheyshouldhavedifferentviews.主语从句

Itisonlylatelythathehadhadafamilyhimself.强调句

Whatwasitthathewanted?Idon’tknowwhatitwasthathewanted.

Itwasinthehotelwherehestayedthatwediscussedtheseriousproblem

8.注意it作形式主语的主语从句和as引导非限制性定语从句引导的不同

Itisknowntoallthattheearthisround.

Asisknowntoall.theearthisround.

B连接代词who，what，which,whatever,whichever,whoever(Who,whom,which,what可以和ever构成合成词，和what一样引导从句，ever起到强调作用。此类主语从句不能用形式主语it引导，它们在句子中担任成分，不能省略，语序为陈述语序)

Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthattheearthisround…

Whowilltakepartinthemeetinghasnotbeendecided.

Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.

Whichstudentwillwinisuncertain.

Whateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.

这里说的话都应当保密。

Whoevermakesmistakesmustcorrectthem.

凡犯了错误的人都必须改正。

Whatisneededforsuccess)isyourhardwork.

Whocanjoininthesportmeet)isdecidedbytheteacher

Whatheneedsisthatbook.

Whatheneedsaresomebooks.

Whatheneedsaresomebooks.

Whoheisandwhereheisfromareimportant.

Whathesawarethestarsinthesky

Whathesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent

Whoeverleavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.

C连接副词when，where，how，why等。

Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.

Whentheywillleaveisnotdecided.

Wheresheisfromisunknown.

Howwewillpaintthehousehasnotbeendecided.

Whentheywillarrivehasbeentoldtotheteacher

Wherewewillgotomorrowhasn’tbeendecidedyet

Whenhewillcomeisnotknown

Whenhewillcomeisapuzzle

Whereweshallspendtheholidayisn’tdecided.

Wherehecomesfromisamystery.

Conclusion:主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式

主语从句的规律

规律一、主语从句一律用陈述语序，即主语在前，谓语在后。

规律二、连词that在从句中无实际意义，但不能省略。

规律三、whether可以引导主语从句，放在句首，但if不能

规律四、主语从句中的连词不能重叠使用

规律五、含主语从句的主句谓语动词多用单数第三人称形式。

规律六、what引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定主句动词的单复数形式

规律七、主语从句为了避免头重脚轻现象，用it做形式主语，把从句放在后面。