英语句子成分语法讲解
英语句子成分语法讲解
一、主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。
Thesunrisesintheeast.(名词)
Helikesdancing.(代词)
Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)
Seeingisbelieving.(动名词)
Toseeistobelieve.(不定式)
Whatheneedsisabook.(主语从句)
Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.
(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)
二、谓语(predicate):说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
WestudyEnglish.
Heisasleep.
三、表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的'性质、状态和特征。
Heisateacher.(名词)
Seventy-four!Youdon’tlookit.(代词)
Fiveandfiveisten.(数词)
Heisasleep.(形容词)
Hisfatherisin.(副词)
Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)
Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.(形容词化的分词)
Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.”(不定式)
Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.(表语从句)
常见的系动词有:be,sound(听起来),look(看起来),feel(摸起来),smell(闻起来),
taste(尝、吃起来),remain(保持,仍是),feel(感觉)….
Itsoundsagoodidea.
Thesoundsoundsstrange.
Hervoicesoundssweet.
Tomlooksthin.
Thefoodsmellsdelicious.
Thefoodtastesgood.
Thedoorremainsopen.
NowIfeeltired.
四、宾语:
1)动作的承受者——动宾
IlikeChina.(名词)
Hehatesyou.(代词)
Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.(数词)
Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.
Ienjoyworkingwithyou.(动名词)
Ihopetoseeyouagain.(不定式)
Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?(宾语从句)
2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾
Areyouafraidofthesnake?
Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.
3)双宾语——间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)
Hegavemeabookyesterday.
Givethepoormansomemoney.
五、宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。
Weelectedhimmonitor.(名词)
Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.(名)
Wewillmakethemhappy.(形容词)
Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)
Pleasemakeyourselfathome.(介词短语)
Don’tlethimdothat.(省to不定式)
Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(带to不定式)
Don’tkeepthelightsburning.(现在分词)
I’llhavemybikerepaired.(过去分词)
六、主补:对主语的补充。
Hewaselectedmonitor.
Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.
Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.
七、定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.(名词)
Heisourfriend.(代词)
Webelongtothethirdworld.(数词)
Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(形容词)
Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)
Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)
TheboysplayingfootballareinCla2.(现在分词)
Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.(过去分词)
Ihaveanideatodoitwell.(不定式)
YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.(定语从句)
八、状语:用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
(以下例句按上述顺序排列)Iwillgotheretomorrow.
Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.
Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.
HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.
Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.
Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.
Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpatheexam.
Hegoestoschoolbybike.
Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.
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