2012考研《英语》写作六类常用句型一览

考研英语写作的题材与我们日常生活息息相关，通常涉及事物间的比较，说明其相似性和相异性、事物之间的因果关系，有时要求考生分析事实，找出原因或解决问题的方法，或对一个问题提出个人看法等，所以考生在复习时，要尽可能熟悉和掌握表达这些关系的常用句型：

　　（1）相似性

　　AistoBwhat/asCistoD（A之于B犹如C之于D）

　　e.g.MoralcorruptionistotheStateasphysicaldiseaseistoanindividualbody.

　　Classicmusicistomygenerationwhatpopsaretohergeneration.

　　Justas…，so…（正如……，……也如此）

　　e.g.Justaswoodsareindispensabletobirds，soistheearthtohumanbeings.

　　Justastheymustputasidetheirprejudices，sowemustbepreparedtoaccepttheirgoodfaith.

　　AandBhavesomethingincommon（A和B有共同之处）

　　e.g.Ashumanbeings，theAmericanandChinesehavelotsofthingsincommon.

　　TomandIhavebackgroundincommon.

　　AissimilartoB（A与B相似）

　　e.g.Myhobbyissimilartohisinthatwebothlikecollectingrecords，foreignanddomestic.

　　Myproblemsareverysimilartoyours.

　　Thesameistrueof…/Thesamecanbesaidof…（……也是如此）

　　e.g.Astheeconomiesofallcountriesarecloselyinterrelatednocountrycandevelopinselfseclusion.ThesameistrueofChina.

　　（2）相异性

　　Aisjusttheopposite（toB）（A和B正相反）

　　e.g.Beijingispopulousandcrowded，whileCanberraisjusttheopposite.

　　Adiffers（isdifferent）fromBinthat…（A不同于B在于……）

　　e.g.China’sconditiondiffersfromoursinthatChinahasthelargestpopulationintheworld.

　　ThefamilysedansmadeinChinaaredifferentfrom/thanthosemadebytheAmericans.Theyaremorecompactandenergysaving.

　　…（Thecase）isnotthesame（……是不相同的）

　　e.g.Whileitmaybetruethatbasketballandvolleyballsharecertainfeatures，theexcitementeacharousesinthespectatorsisnotthesame.

　　Thedevelopmentzonesintheeasterncoastalareasaremostlyinitiatedandsupportedbygovernments，butthecaseisnotthesamewiththoseinthewest.

　　Contraryto（Onthecontrary）…（正相反）

　　e.g.Contrarytoourestimation，theeconomicsituationofthecountryisgraduallygettingbetter.

　　TheyaskedmeifIhadfinishedthejob.Onthecontrary，Ihaveonlyjustbegun.

　　（3）权衡

　　Theadvantagesoutweighthedisadvantages.（利大于弊）

　　e.g.Itseemssafetosaythattheadvantagesofmarriageoutweighthedisadvantagesofdivorce.

　　Asisshownbythearguments，thedrawbacksofcloningtechnologyoutweighitspromisingadvances.

　　Nothingcanrival…/Thereisnorivalto…（……是无与伦比的）

　　e.g.Perhapsnothingcanrivalthepleasurefromreading.

　　Therewasnorivaltohimasapoet.

　　…hasdrawbacksaswellasmerits（……既有优点，也有不足）

　　e.g.Therecouldbenodoubtthatjob-hoppinghasitsdrawbacksaswellasmerits.

　　AissuperiortoB（A优于B）

　　e.g.Menmaybesuperiortowomeninphysicalaffairs.Yet，thereisnodifferenceinintelligence.

　　Thecomputerisvastlysuperiortothebook.

　　…varyfrompersontoperson（……是因人而异的）

　　e.g.People’sattitudetowardsdrugsvariesfrompersontoperson.

　　Thepicturevariedindetailfromplacetoplace.

　　（4）过渡句型

　　a.承上启下，使新观点不致显得过于突兀、武断

　　Itistruethatmostjobsareaseriesofmoreorlessunpleasantchores，butitdoesn’tfollowthatthat’salltheyare.

　　Thatistrue，nodoubt，butitisnothiswholestorybyanymeans.

　　ItisfairlywellknownthatVitaminCisindispensabletohealth.Butitisprobablylesswellknownthattakingitexcessivelymaydoharmtothehumanbody.

　　Thisstoryalsoillustratestheimportanceofseizinganopportunitywhenitpresentsitself.Itisonethingtobeofferedanopportunity;itisanotherthingtotakeitanduseitwell.

　　b.引用图表内容时的过渡句型。图表作文经常使用as从句做解释性描述的过渡。

　　Asisrevealedinthegraph，…

　　Asthesurveyresultsshow，…

　　Aswecouldfindoutlaterinthisunit，hisplanwasnotquiteashehadexpected.

　　Thistableprovidesseveralimportantpointsofcomparisonbetweenthetwouniversities.Ascanbeindicatedinthetable，thehousingspaceforthestaffofAin1995was34500squaremeters，whichnearlydoubledtheB’scorrespondingfigure.

　　（5）描写曲线走势的常用句型。曲线的走势可用上升、下降、保持平稳、有所波动等用语来描述：

　　Before1970thebirthrateremainedlevel.Thenin1970itfelltillitreached30perthousand.

　　Thebirthrateinthisregionrocketedtothehighestpeakin1963.

　　Althoughpricesfluctuatedbetween1962and1972，overallthetrendwasdownward.

　　Theeconomywentupanddowninazigzagway.

　　Afterasteadydeclineforawholedecadethecountry’sfertilityrateshowssignsoflevelingoff.

　　（6）描述图表常用的概括性句型

　　这种句子通常用于文章或段落的开头和结尾：

　　ThistableprovidesseveralinterestingpointsofcomparisonbetweenAandB.

　　Thetwographsdepictthesamethingseenintwodifferentways.Thefirstdiagramsimplyrecords…Thesecondgraphthrowsanewlighton…

　　Thekeyfindingstakenfromthesurveysareasfollows：…

　　Ifdriverscontinuetodrivemorecarefullyandfurtherstrengthentheirsenseofsafety，therateofaccidentscanbeexpectedtodeclineevenmoredramaticallyintheyear1991.