沈阳——我最喜欢的城市英语作文

Shenyang(Ch.:沈阳;pinyin:Shěnyáng,orMukden(inManchu),isasub-provincialcityandcapitalofLiaoningprovinceinNortheastChina.

Alongwithitsnearbycities,ShenyangisanimportantindustrialcenterinChina,andthetransportationandcommercialcentreofChina'snortheasternregion.

ThecitywasalsoknownasShengjing(盛京)orFengtian(奉天).

History

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Shenyang

Chinesename

TraditionalChinese:渖阳

SimplifiedChinese:沈阳

[show]Transliterations

Mandarin

-HanyuPinyin:Shěnyáng

Manchuname

Manchu:(Mukden)

Thecity’sname,Shenyang,literallymeaningthecityinthenorthofShenRiver,comesfromtheHunRiveronthecity’ssouthside,whichusedtobecalledShenRiver.ArchaeologicalfindingsshowthathumanbeingsresidedinpresentdayShenyangasearlyas7,200yearsago.TheCityofShenyangwasfirstestablishedbyQinKai,ageneralofYanintheWarringStatesperiodabout300B.C.ItwasnamedasHouCity(Chinese:候城)atthattime.ItbecameknownasShenPrefecture(渖州)intheJinDynastyandShenyangPath(Chinese:渖阳路)intheYuanDynasty.DuringtheMingDynasty,itbecameShenyangZhongwei(Chinese:渖阳中卫).

In1625,theManchuleaderNurhacimovedhiscapitaltoShenyang,orSimiyanhotonasitiscalledinManchu.TheofficialnamewaschangedtoShengjing(盛京)inChinese,orMukden;inManchu1634.ThenamederivesfromtheManchuword,mukdembi,meaningtorise,andthisisreflectedbyitsChinesename,whichmeansrisingcapital.ShenyangremainedthecapitaloftheQingDynastyuntiltherelocationofthecapitaltoBeijingin1644afterthefallofMingdynasty.However,itretainedconsiderableprestigeastheoldercapital,treasuresoftheroyalhousewerekeptatitspalaces,andthetombsoftheearlyQingrulerswereonceamongthemostfamousmonumentsinChina.In1657,FengtianPrefecture(Chinese:奉天府;Pinyin:Fèngtiānfǔ;Manchu:AbkaiimiyanggafuorFungtyian,obeyingheaven)wasestablishedintheShenyangarea,andFengtianwassometimesusedsynonymouslywithShenyang/Mukden.In1914,thecitychangedbacktoitsoldnameShenyang.However,ShenyangcontinuedtobeknownasMukdeninEnglishsources(sometimesspelledMoukden)throughmuchofthe20thcentury.

WiththebuildingoftheSouthManchurianRailway,MukdenbecameaRussianstronghold.DuringtheRusso-JapaneseWar(1904-1905),MukdenwasthesiteoftheBattleofMukdenfromon19February-10March1905.ItwasthelargestbattleintheworldwhenitwasfoughtbuytheRussians.FollowingtheJapanesevictory,theJapaneseconcessionatMukdenwasoneofthechiefbasesforJapaneseeconomicexpansionintosouthernManchuria.ItwasalsotheseatoftheChineseviceroyofthethreeManchurianprovinces.Inthe1920s,MukdenwasthecapitalofthewarlordChangTso-lin,whowaskilledwhenhistrainwasblownupnearMukdenataJapanese-guardedrailwaybridge.