(人教版)六年级下册英语总复习
PEP小学英语重点句型语法总结
人教版PEP教材在小学阶段涉及的重要语法知识主要有7种:
tobe句型、therebe句型、一般现在时句型、现在进行时句型、一般过去时句型、情态动词can引导的型、begoingto句型等,简要总结如下:
[一]tobe句型:用于介绍个人情况如姓名、健康状况、身份、国籍、家庭成员、朋友、职业等,描述地点、颜色、四季、日期、星期几等,该句型广泛分布于各册教材中,其中5—8册的句型主要有:
1.Who’syourEnglishteacher?Mr.Carter.
2.What’shelike?He’stallandstrong.
3.Isshequiet?No,sheisn’t.Sheisveryactive.
4.Isshestrict?Yes,sheis,butshe’sverykind.
5.Whatdayisittoday?It’sWednesday.
6.What’syourfavouritefruit/food…?
7.They’resweet/sour/salty/healthy/…
8.Whenisyourbirthday?It’sinMay.
9.MybirthdayisinJune.UncleBill’sbirthdayisinJune,too.
10.IsherbirthdayinJune?Yes,itis.
11.What’sthedate?
12.ThisisZhangPeng.
13.Whereisthecinema,please?It’snexttothehospital.
14.Howtallareyou?I’m164cmtall.
15.Youareshorterthanme.
16.You’re4cmtallerthanme.
17.Howheavyareyou?I’m48kg.
18.I’mthinnerthanyou,andshorter.
19.What’sthematterwithyou?Mythroatissore.
20.Howareyou,LiuYun/Sarah?
[二]therebe句型:表示存在,即:“某处有某物”或“某时有某事”。句型基本结构为:Thereis+可数名词单数或不可数名词+时间或地点。Thereare+可数名词复数+地点。该句型主要分布在第5册的Unit5和Unit6中,如:
1.Therearetwobedrooms,akitchen,abathroomandalivingroom.
2.Thereisamirror,abedandabigcloset.
3.Isthereaforestinthepark?Yes,thereis.
4.Isthereariver?No,thereisn’t.
5.Arethereanypandasinthemountains?No,therearen’t.
6.Arethereanyfishintherivers?Yes,thereare.
[三]一般现在时句型:表示习惯性的动作或行为,或现在存在着的状况。句型基本结构为:主语+行为动词+其他。当主语是第三人称单数时,要在动词原形后面加s或es,其他人称作主语时则用动词原形,在问句及否定句中需要用助动词do或does。这种句型通常有一些标志词,如:usuallyoftensometimesneveralways等。该句型主要分布在第5册Unit2&3,第6册Unit1&2,第7册Unit4,5,6,第8册Unit2中。如:
Book5:
1.WhatdoyouhaveonThursdays?WehaveEnglish,mathandscienceonThursdays.
2.WhatdoyoudoonSaturdays?IwatchTVonSaturdays.
3.Idomyhomework.
4.WhatdoyouhaveforlunchonMondays?Wehavetomatoes,tofuandfish.
5.Ilikefruit.ButIdon’tlikegrapes.
Book6:
1.Whendoyoueatdinner?Ieatdinnerat7:00intheevening.
2.Whendoyougetup?Iusuallygetupat12:00noon.
3.Whatdoyoudoontheweekend?UsuallyIwatchTVandgoshopping.
4.SometimesIvisitmygrandparents.Ioftenplayfootball.SometimesIgohiking.
5.Whichseasondoyoulikebest?Ilikewinterbest.
6.Whydoyoulikesummer/winter?
Book7:
1.Howdoyougotoschool,Sarah?
2.UsuallyIgotoschoolonfoot.SometimesIgobybike.
3.Ilikecollectingstamps.Helikescollectingstamps,too.
4.Doessheteachmath?Yes,shedoes.
5.DoessheteachEnglish?No,shedoesn’t.Sheteachesmath.
6.Whatdoesyourmotherdo?Whatdoesyourfatherdo?
7.Wheredoesshework?Sheworksinacarcompany.
8.Howdoesshegotowork?Shegoestoworkbybus.
9.Wheredoestheraincomefrom?Itcomesfromtheclouds.
10.Wheredoesthecloudcomefrom?Itcomesfromthevapour.
11.Wheredoesthevapourcomefrom?Itcomesfromthewaterintheriver.
12.Thesunshinesandthewaterbecomesvapour.
13.Howdoyoudothat?
Book8:
1.Mynosehurts.
2.Howdoyoufeel?Ifeelsick.HowdoesAmyfeel?
3.Youlooksohappy.Youlooksadtoday.
[四]现在进行时句型:表示说话时正在进行的动作或事件,或在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情况。标志词是:now也常用在Look!Listen!等后面。句型主要结构为:be动词(am,is,are)+动词现在分词(v.ing)。该句型主要分布在第6册Unit4,5,6中。如:
1.Whatareyoudoing?I’mdoingthedishes.I’mreadingabook.
2.Grandpaiswritingaletter.Brotherisdoinghomework.Momiscookingdinnerinthekitchen.
3.Heiswritingane-mailinthestudy.
3.Whatisitdoing?It’seatingbananas.
4.Whatisshedoing?She’sjumping.
5.Whataretheydoing?They’reswimming.They’reclimbingtrees.
6.Areyoueatinglunch?No,wearen’t.
7.Aretheyeatingthehoney?Yes,theyare.
8.Isheplayingchess?Yes,heis.
9.Isshecountinginsects?No,sheisn’t.
[五]一般过去时句型:表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。句型基本结构为:主语+动词过去式+其他。标志词通常是:yesterday,lastweek,lastyear等,在问句与否定句中要用助动词did。该句型分布在第8册Unit3&4中。如:
1.Whatdidyoudolastweekend?Iplayedfootball.
2.Didyouhelpthemcleantheirroom?Yes,Idid.
3.Whatdidyoudoyesterday?Iwentfishing.
4.Didyoureadbook?Yes,Idid.
5.Didyoucleanyourroom?No,Ididn’t.
6.Wheredidyougoonyourholiday?IwenttoXinjiang.
7.Whatdidyoudothere?Isanganddancedwithmynewfriends.
8.Howdidyougothere?Iwentbytrain.
另外一般过去时也可用来表示客气的询问。如:
Book3Unit5,Book5Unit3中的:Whatwouldyoulikeforlunch?I’dlikesome…
[六]情态动词can引导的句型:表示有能力做某事,can后面的动词要用原形。该句型主要分布在第5册Unit4和第7册Unit1中。如:
Book4:1.Whatcanyoudo?Icansweepthefloor.Icancookthemeals.
2.Icanwatertheflowers.
3.Canyoumakethebed?No,Ican’t.
4.Canyouuseacomputer?Yes,Ican.
Book7:HowcanIgettoZhongshanPark?YoucangobytheNo.15bus.
[七]将来时:我们的教材中出现过两种表示将来时的句型,即:will和begoingto句型,主要以begoingto句型为主,表示将要做某事或打算做某事。句型主要结构:am/is/are+goingto+v.原形。标志词有:tomorrownextweekendthismorningthisweekendnext…begoingto
Book7:
1.Whatareyougoingtodothisweekend?Iamgoingtovisitmygrandparents.
2.Whereareyougoing?Iamgoingtothecinema.
3.HowishegoingtoBeijing?HeisgoingtoBeijingbyplane.
4.WhenisshegoingtoXiashan?Sheisgoingtogothereat9:00am
英语名词单数变复数的规则1)单数名词加s:students,apples,bags,trees,books,brothers.2)以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加es:glasses,boxes,brushes,matches.3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加es:cities,babies,enemies.4)以f或fe结尾的名词,多数变f为v加es:wives,knives.但有些词只加s:roofs,proofs,chiefs.5)以o结尾的名词,有些加es:Negroes,heroes,tomatoes,potatoes.其它加s:radios,zoos,pianos,photos.6)不规则名词:foot→feet,goose→geese,tooth→teeth,child→children,man→men,woman→women,sheep→sheep,deer→deer,mouse→mice.7)某些外来词变复数:datum→data,medium→media,bacterium→bacteria,curriculum→curricula,criterion→criteria,phenomenon→phenomena.(um/on→a)analysis→analyses,basis→bases,crisis→crises,diagnosis→diagnoses.(is→es)8)复合名词变复数:以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式,如:homework.以man或woman为前缀的复合名词变复数,前后两个名词都变复数,如:manservant→menservants,womanstudentwomenstudents.其它复合名词变复数:grownup→grownups,brotherinlaw→brothersinlaw,standby→standsby.9)复合形容词做定语时,其中的名词保持单数:asixyearoldboy,atwohundredpagebook英语中名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词在应用时有单数和复数形式。表示一个用单数,表示两个或两个以上用复数。复数名词的构成分为规则变化和不规则变化。1.规则变化:1)一般在名词词尾加s,①map—maps地图,bird—birds鸟,orange—oranges桔子,bike—bikes自行车;2)以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词加es,①box—boxes盒子,class—classes班级,watch—watches手表,dish-dishes盘,碟子,餐具;3)以O结尾的名词后面加s或es①photo—photos相片radio—radios收音机zoo—zoos动物园tomato—tomatoes西红柿potato—potatoes土豆4)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i+es①baby—babies婴儿family—families家庭;以元音字母加y结尾的名词直接加s①boy—boys男孩toy—toys玩具;5)以fe或f结尾的名词,把fe或f变为ves①knife—knives小刀wife—wives妻子leaf—leaves树叶。二:名词复数的不规则变化1)child---childrenfoot---feettooth---teethmouse---miceman---menwoman---women注意:与man和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women。如:anEnglishman,twoEnglishmen.但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是theBowmans。2)单复同形如:deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japaneseli,jin,yuan,twoli,threemu,fourjin但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:adollar,twodollars;ameter,twometers3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。如:peoplepolicecattle等本身就是复数,不能说apeople,apolice,acattle,但可以说aperson,apoliceman,aheadofcattle,theEnglish,theBritish,theFrench,theChinese,theJapanese,theSwiss等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。如:TheChineseareindustriesandbrave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。5)表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses(眼镜)trousers,clothes若表达具体数目,要借助数量词pair(对,双);suit(套);apairofglasses;twopairsoftrousers6)另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼
现在分词构成
①直接在动词的后面加上ing,如do→doing,sing→singing,comfort→comforting
②以不发音的e结尾的动词,把e去掉,再加ing,如dance→dancing,hike→hiking
※注意※这里的e必须不发音,若发音,则不能去掉,如see→seeing
③最后一个闭音节重读且后面只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写这个辅音字母再加ing,如cut→cutting,swim→swimming
④以ie结尾的动词,要把ie变成y再加ing,如die→dying,lie→lying
过去分词
(1)、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ed”。(但是要注意的是,过去分词并不是过去式)
work---worked---worked,visit---visited---visited
(2)、以“e”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“d”。
live---lived---lived,
(3)、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,将y变为i,再加“ed”。
study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried,
(4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ed”。
stop---stopped---stopped,drop---dropped—dropped
基数词变序数词
一、二、三,单独记;八加h,九去e,ve要用f替,
整十基数变序数,先把ty变成tie;
要是遇到两位数,十位基数个位序,th最后加上去。解析口诀:one→first,two→second,three→third这三个词变化特殊,要单独记;eight→eighth,nine→ninth,八去t,九去e后再加-th;five→fifth,twelve→twelfth,五、十二把ve换成f再加-th;twenty→twentieth,thirty→thirtieth...整十先把词尾y改为ie再加-th。两位数时则十位数用基数词,个位数用序数词,如:twenty-first。
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