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如何判断英语句子中的主语谓语定语宾语等等成分

发表时间:2024-07-13 07:12:03 来源:网友投稿

句子成分

主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物.

Thesunrisesintheeast.(名词)Helikesdancing.(代词)

Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Seeingisbelieving.(动名词)

Toseeistobelieve.(不定式)Whatheneedsisabook.(主语从句)

Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)

谓语(predicate):说明主语的动作、状态和特征.

WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.

表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征.

Heisateacher.(名词)Seventy-four!Youdon’tlookit.(代词)

Fiveandfiveisten.(数词)Heisasleep.(形容词)

Hisfatherisin.(副词)Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)

Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.(形容词化的分词)

Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.(不定式)

Thequestioniswhethertheywille.(表语从句)

(常见的系动词有:be,sound(听起来),look(看起来),feel(摸起来,***ell(闻起来),taste(尝、吃起来),

remain(保持,仍是),feel(感觉)...

Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.

Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.

Thefood***ellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.

Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.

宾语:1)动作的承受者-----动宾

IlikeChina.(名词)Hehatesyou.(代词)

Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.(数词)

Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.(动名词)

Ihopetoseeyouagain.(不定式)Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?(宾语从句)

2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾

Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.

3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)

Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.

宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语.

Weelectedhimmonitor.(名词)Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tehere.(名)

Wewillmakethemhappy.(形容词)Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)

Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介词短语)Don’tlethimdothat.(省to不定式)

Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(带to不定式)

Don’tkeepthelightsburning.(现在分词)I’llhavemybikerepaired.(过去分词)

主补:对主语的补充.

Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.

Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.

定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子.

AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.(名词)Heisourfriend.(代词)

Webelongtothethirdworld.(数词)Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(形容词)

Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)

TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.(现在分词)

Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.(过去分词)

Ihaveanideatodoitwell.(不定式)

YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.(定语从句)

状语:用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句子.表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步.

(以下例句按上述顺序排列)

Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.

Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.

Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.

Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.

Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.

句子结构

简单句的五个基本句型

主语+不及物动词Shecame./Myheadaches.

主语+及物动词+宾语ShelikesEnglish.

主语+系动词+主语补语Sheishappy.

主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语ShegaveJohnabook.

Sheboughtabookforme.

主语+宾补动词+宾语+宾语补语Shemakeshermotherangry.

Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.

(There+beThereliesabookonthedesk.)

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