2014年中考英语之定语从句剖析

一．定义：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句加定语从句。

二．定语从句的特点：

1.先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词

2.关联词：1）引出定语从句，并作从句的一个成分。可作主语、宾语、定语、状语，

作宾语可省略。

2）关联词包括关系代词和关系副词。关联词位于先行词和定语从句之间。

关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose，代指先行词。

关系副词：when，where，why，作时间状语。

三．基本结构：先行词+关联词+定语从句

四．关系代词的用法：

1.that和which

that指人或物，作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略，主语不能。

Which指物，不指人，作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略，主语不能。

Hisfatherworksinafactorythat/whichmakesTvsets.

Whowashurtintheaccidentthat/whichhappenedyesterday?

Thecoat(which/that)Iputonthedeskisblack.

注意：TheroominwhichIliveisverybig.(在介词后面不能用that)

2.只能用that不能用which引导的定语从句：

1)先行词被形容词级修饰时，定语从句只能用that

Thisisthemostinterestingstory(that)Ihaveeverheard.

2）先行词被序数词级修饰时，定语从句只能用that

Thechildrenlikethesecondlessonthatisabout“TheFootballMatch”.

3）先行词被theonly，thevery或thesame等修饰时，定语从句只能用that引导。

Itistheonlyword(that)Iknowinthepassage.

Whereistheverybook(that)Iboughtjustnow?

Thisisthe(same)bicycle(that)Ilost.

4）先行词为everything，something，anything，all，none，much，little，few等不定代词时，定语从句只能用that

Hereissomething(that)Iwilltellyou.

Iwanteverything(that)Iwant.

Iamwritingtotellyouaboutsomethingverystrangethathappenedtomelastweek.

5)先行词被不定代词修饰时（all，any，no,every,little,much,many），定语从句只能用that

Hereisallthemoney(that)Ihave.

6)先行词是同时含有“人和物”的名词时，定语从句只能用that

Icanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepictures(that)Iseeintheroom..

7)定语从句所修饰的词为theone时，定语从句用that引导

Isittheone（that）youwant？

8）为了避免重复，在疑问词who之后，用that引导定语从句

Whoisthegirlthatwonthefirstplace?

3.who和whom

who指人，在句中作主语和宾语，作宾语可省略。

Whom指人，在句中只能作宾语，可省略。

WhoistheteacherthatXiaoLLiistalkingto?

ThedoctorwithwhomshewenttotheUnitedStateslastmonthisveryfamous.

=Thedoctorwho/whom/thatshewenttotheUnitedStateswithlastmonthisveryfamous.

五．关系副词的用法：

1.when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语

IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.

when=onwhich

2.where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.

=ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.

=Thisisthehouse(which/that)Ilivedintwoyearsago.

六．能力拔高测试

1.Thebuilding__________webuiltlastyearisverytall.

A.whereB.whenC.whichD.why

2.Therearenochildren______lovetheirparents.

A.thatdonotB.whodoesnotC.thatD.who

3.Whoistheman_________talkedwithyoujustnow?

A.whoB.thatC.whomD.whose

4.Thatwastheyear_____IwenttoAmerica.

A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which

5.Lookattheboyandhisdog______arecomingthisway.

A.whoB.whichC.thatD.whom

6.Thisisall________shesaidaboutit.

A.whoB.whomC.whatD.that

7.Tomisthefirstboy_______lefttheroom.

A.whoB.thatC.whomD.whose

8.Lookatthatlady________nameisPochi.

A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.that

9.Thatwasallthemoney__________Ihad.

A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.whom

10.Thething_______shewasn’tsurewasthatshefailedinthisexam.

A.thatB.whichC.aboutwhichD.inwhich

11.Thisisjustthecoat_________shewantstobuy.

A.thatB.whatC.whichD.theone.

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