英语直接引语和间接引语的转换方法

引述别人的话时,一般采用两种方式：

一是引用别人的原话,把它放在引号内,称为直接引语;二是用自己的话加以转述,被转述的话不放在引号内,称为间接引语.间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从句.直接引语变成间接引语时,要注意以下几点：人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序等.　

1.直接引语是陈述句,变成间接引语时,由连词that引导.例如：　　Shesaid,“Iamveryhappytobewithyou.”→Shesaid(that)shewasveryhappytobewithme.　　Hesaid,“Iwillchooseabookformystudents.”→Hesaid(that)hewouldchooseabookforhisstudents.　　2.直接引语是一般疑问句时,变成间接引语,由连词whether或if引导.例如：　　Heaskedme,“DoyoulikewatchingTV?”→Heaskedmeif/whetherIlikedwatchingTV.　　Heasked,“Areyousureyourmotherwillcome?”→Heaskedmewhether/ifIwassuremymotherwouldcome.　　注意：大多数情况下,if和whether在引导宾语从句时可以互换,但后紧跟ornot时,一般只用whether.例如：　　Sheaskedmewhetherornothecoulddothework./Sheaskedmewhetherhecoulddotheworkornot.　　3.直接引语是特殊疑问句,变成间接引语时,由相应的连接词who,whom,what,whose,how,when,why,where等引导.例如：　　Heasked:“Whereareyoutogetoff,John?”→HeaskedJohnwherehewastogetoff.　　Mysisteraskedme,“Howdoyouliketheplay?”→MysisteraskedmehowIlikedtheplay.　　Tomaskedme,“Whoistheboyoverthere?”→Tomaskedme,“Whowastheboyoverthere?”　　4.直接引语是祈使句,其间接引语由主语+动词ask(委婉语气),tell(一般语气),order(命令语气)或warn,advise等+复合宾语(名/代词+动词不定式)构成.如：　　Hesaid,“Pleasecomehereagaintomorrow.”→Heaskedmetogothereagainthenextday.　　“Becarefulwiththedog.”→Hewarnedmetobecarefulwiththedog.　　5.直接引语变间接引语时,如果引述动词为过去式,需注意时态的变化：如：　　1)Bettysaid,“Linglingissingingintheclassroomnow.”现在进行时→　　BettysaidLinglingwassingingintheclassroomthen.-过去进行时　　2)Hesaid,“IwillgotoLondonnextweek.”一般将来时→　　HesaidhewouldgotoLondonnextweek.过去将来时　　3)Mymothersaid,“Ihavealreadycleanedthehouse.”现在完成时→　　Mymothersaidshehadalreadycleanedthehouse.过去完成时　　注意:　　1.直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等,主句尽管是过去时态,变成间接引语时,时态仍然用一般现在时态.例如：　　Theytoldtheirson,“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”→Theytoldtheirsonthattheearthgoesroundthesun.　　2.直接引语变间接引语时,指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、动词等要作相应的变化.如：this→that,these→those,now→then,today→thatday,yesterday→thedaybefore,lastyear→theyearbefore,ago→before,here→therecome→go等.例如：　　Hesaid,“Ihaven’tseenthemtoday.”→Hesaidthathehadn’tseenthemthatday.　　但是,如果转述时对话人双方就在原来的地方,或在说话的当天,就不必改变相应的时间状语、地点状语等.总之,对这些变化不能机械理解,应根据实际情况来决定所作的变化.　　3.间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序,即主、谓、宾的顺序.