跪求山西应县木塔的英语导游词

一

BuddhistTempleTempleshouldbereleasedJiataCountyinShanxiProvince,thecountyseatshouldbewithintheNorthwestShuozhouTempleBuddhaTemple,commonlyknownastheYingCountyWoodenPagoda.YearsbuiltintheLiaoNingQing(AD1056),JinMingchangsixyears(AD1195)upgradingiscompleted.Isthehighestandmostancientoftheexistingwoodentowerofabuilding,awoodenstructureistheonlypavilion-styletower,anationalkeyculturalrelicsprotectionunits.

WoodenPagodaTempleislocatedinnorth-southaxisbetweenthegateandthemainhall,atowerbeforetheapse,thelayout.Four-meterhightowerbuiltintheplatform,thetowerheight67.31m,thebottomdiameterof30.27meters,wasflatoctagonal.Elevationfirstflooreaves,abovethelayersareDanYan,atotaloffivesixcanopies,andconcealedlayersandwichedbetweenlayers,infact,nine.Becausetheunderlyingandacorridorfortheeaves,sotheappearanceofthesixtowerroof.Layersareusedinsideandoutsidethewoodensupportstwice,eachwith24columnsoutside,thereareeight,betweentheuseofanumberofwoodenpillarsbracing,beams,Fangandcolumnstoformthecomplexindifferentdirectionswoodenbeam.Ithasbeenestimated,thecommonpinewoodpagoda3,000cubicmeters,aboutmorethan2600tonsheavy,theoverallproportionofappropriatemagnificentarchitecture,artcompact,stableformsolemn.

NorthandSouth,toopenthebottomofthetowerasecondfloorflatlocatedabovetheseatrailingweek,eachequippedwithwoodenstairs,visitorsclimbstepbystepuptothetop.Twotofiveeachhavefour,locatedwoodenpartitionboard,adequatelight,leanonarailingoverlookingout,HangYuesuchasthescreen,likewithadrysauna,panoramicview,relaxedandhappy.Towerfloorsareplasticstatues.OnefortheBuddha,11metershigh,dignifiedface,anairofcontented,beautifulornatetopofthecaisson,thetankwallspaintedsixBuddhaimages,thewallsarepaintedwithopeningsonbothsidesofKingKong,King,adiscipleandsoon,murals,brightcolor,lifelikecharacters.Blocktwo-storysquarealtar,aBuddhaandtwoBodhisattvasontheplasticandtworetinues.Three-seatoctagonalaltar,ontheplasticsquareBuddha.AhNuoBuddhaandfourplastic,Kasyapa,Monju,Fugenlike.FiveplasticborderLosanaBuddhaBuddhaandtheNPC.FinesculptureoftheBuddha,eachwithmodality,havehighartisticvalue.

Fortheoctagonaltowersavepointtype,onthestandironbrake,beautifullyproduced,withthetowercoordination,moresomagnificentpagoda.Towerwithwindchimesoneachflooreaves,breezeblowing,ding-dongsound,verysweet.

二

heYingxianWoodenPagoda,alsonamedSakyamuni['sɑ:kjəˌmuni]PagodaofFogongTemple,islocatedintheFogongTemple,YingxianCounty,ShanxiProvince.ItisregardedasoneoftheThreePagodasintheWorld,togetherwiththeEiffelTowerinFranceandtheLeaningTowerofPisainItaly.

Builtin1056,thiswoodenpagodahasahistoryofover1000years.Itisbuiltonafour-meter-highgroundworkwithatotalheightof67.31meters,andadiameter[daiˈæmitə]of30.27metersatitsbottom.Itis31.41-meterhigherthantheWhitePagodaintheBeihaiPark,Beijing,and3.21-meterhigherthantheDayanPagoda(theBigWildGoosePagoda)inXi'an.Withauniqueoctagonˈɔktəgənstructureineachtier,thepagodahasaspeciallydesignedironlightningtopthatisrefinedandcoordinatedwiththewholestructure.Wind-bellsaredecoratedundertheeavesofeverytier,tinklingandjinglingwheneverthereisbreeze.ThepagodaistheoldestandhighestwoodenstructureconstructioninChinaandaroundtheworld.Itisrecordedthatithassurvivedsevenearthquakesinthehistory,especiallyagreatearthquakehappenedintheYuanDynasty(1328A.D.)thatlastedforsevendays.Thepagodastoodfirmlyandremainedintactafterallthat,testifyingitsrationaluseofcomponents,fineconstructionandsoundquality.

Thetoweradoptsthestructureofsecludedchambersindesign,presentingadistinctivenationalcharacteristicinheritedfromtheHanandTangDynastieswhileleveragingthetraditionalarchitecturaltechniquestothefullestextent.It'sscientificandpreciseindesignandconsummateinstructure,reachingthehighestlevelofthearchitecturalartinancientChina.Inrecentyears,abatchofpreciousculturalrelicswerefoundinthepagoda,includingwrittenandcarvedBuddhistscripturesandthinsilkBuddhafigurepaintingsintheLiaoDynasty,whicharesignificantforourfurtherstudyonLiao'spolitics,economy,cultureandreligion.

三

TheYingxianWoodenPagodaofFogongTemple,alsocalledtheSakyamuniPagoda,wasbuiltin1056duringtheLiaoDynastyandislocatedintheShanxiProvinceofChina.Standingover66meterstallwithabasecoveringover30metersindiameter,thispagodaremainsoneoftheoldestandtallestancientwoodenstructuresintheworld.Remarkably,thiscompletelywoodenstructurehasremainedintactforalmost1000years,weatheringenvironmentaldisastersaswellassocialupheavals.In1996itwaslistedasaUNESCOWorldHeritageSiteandisconsideredbymanytobeamasterpieceofancientChinesearchitecture1.

SimilartoearlierbuiltIndianstupas,theYingxianPagodaislocatedinthecentreofareligiouscomplexandiscomposedofthreemainparts,araisedbase,acentralbodycomposedofanoddnumberoflevelsandonthetop,apinnacleorsteeple2.However,unlikeotherancientpagodasthatwerebuiltwithbrickorstonereinforcement,theSakyamuniPagodawasconstructedentirelyoutofwoodandwithouttheuseofanynails.Thestrengthandresilienceofthestructureisattributedtothetypeofwoodused,therareXing’anlarchfromNorthernChina.AlsonotableisthefactthatconstructionfollowedtheYingzaoFashiofficialcodeofbuildingthatwasprincipledbyLiJiein1103A.D.whichoutlinesthestrictconstructionmethodsenforcedatthetime.

Thepagodasitsonalargeoctagonalstoneplatformandfromitsexterior,thestructureappearstobedividedintofivelevelswithencirclingbalconiesandanextendedsteeplereachingfromthetop.Howeverontheinside,thereareatotalofninefloorstothestructure,onlytwoofwhichareaccessibletothepublic3.AtthemainentranceofthepagodathereisatallstatueofSakyamuniBuddhaandonthewallsaremuralsofwarriordeities,variousheavenlykings,andBuddhistdisciples.AnenormouswoodenstaircaseleadsuptothesecondstoreyofthepagodawhereabalconyextendsaroundtheentirestructureofferingapanoramicviewofthegrowingcityofShanxi.

Duringarepairprojectin1974anumberofculturalrelicswerefoundinthepagoda,includingpaintingsdepictingChinesemedicinalherbs,Buddhistscripturesandcarvings.TheserelicsareallbelievedtobelongtotheLiaoDynastyandareregardedassignificantdiscoveriesforfurtheringknowledgeandstudyonreligionandcultureofthisperiodofhistory4.

TodaytheYingxianYinPagodanolongerservesprimarilyasareligiousmonument,andhasinsteadbecomeanationalmonumentandthemaintouristattractioninthearea5.Inrecentyears,engineersandarchitectshavehadanincreasedinterestinthepagodabecauseofitsextraordinaryresiliencetoyearsofweatheringincludingnumerousearthquakes.Thepagodaisrecordedtohavesurvivedatleastsevenmajorearthquakes,includingonenotableearthquakeduringtheYuanDynasty(1328A.D.)thatlastedforsevendays6.Currentresearchmeasuresthecompressivestrength,thedamageconditionsaswellasthedeformationofthepagodawheninvestigatingearthquakeresilienceandstructuralendurance7.