英语祈使句的结构及用法
英语祈使句的结构及用法
导语:用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句。下面是我整理的英语祈使句的结构及用法,欢迎参考!
祈使句的结构
1)祈使句有两种类型,一种是以动词原形开头,在动词原形之前加do(但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子)。
Takethisseat.
Dobecareful.
否定结构:
Don'tmove.
Don'tbelate.
2)第二种祈使句以let开头。
Let的反意疑问句
a.Let's包括说话者
Let'shaveanothertry,shallwe/shan'twe?
=Shallwehaveanothertry?
b.Letus不包括说话者
Letushaveanothertry,willyou/won'tyou?
=Willyoupleaseletushaveanothertry?
否定结构:
Let'snottalkofthatmatter.
Letusnottalkofthatmatter.
如何引用祈使句
祈使句如要引用,多使用一个不定式,前面的谓语形式根据语气决定。如:
“Wakehimup,”shesaid.
→Shetoldmetowakehimup.
“Seeaneurologist,”thedoctorsaid.
→Thedoctoradvisedmetoseeaneurologist.
“Staywhereyouareanddon’tmove,”commandedthesergeant.
→Thesergeantcommandedthemantostaywherehewasandnottomove.
“Carrythetrunkupstairs,”Mr.Brownsaid.
→Mr.Brownorderedthementocarrythetrunkupstairs.
■能跟这种结构的动词有:
adviseaskbegcommandforbidinstructinviteorder
persuaderemindteachtellurgewarn
祈使句的分类及例句
1.祈使句构成方式:动词原形+其他。如:Pleasebuysomebananasforme.请为我买一些香蕉。
2.祈使句否定形式:在动词原形前+Don't。如:Don'tlookouofthewindow.不要向窗外看。
3.祈使句的反意疑问句用willyou/won'tyou。以let's开头的祈使句的'反意疑问句部分用shallwe。以letus开头的祈使句的反意疑问句部分用willyou/shallwe。如:Don'tswimhere,willyou?不要在这游泳,好吗?Let'sgotothezoo,shallwe?让我们去动物园吧,好吗?
4.let引起的祈使句:肯定形式为Let+sb+动词原形+其他;否定形式为Let+sb+not+动词原形+其他/Don'tlet+sb+do+其他。如:Let'sjointhesoccerclub.让我们加入足球俱乐部吧。Don'tletthemplaywithfire.别让他们玩火。
5.禁止祈使句:No+n./v.ing。如:Nosmoking!禁止吸烟!
拓展:初中英语祈使句练习题精选
一.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
1.Itsanimportantmeeting._________________(not,be)late.
2.________________(not,make)anynise!Yourmotherissleeping.
3.________________(not,speak)withyourmouthfulloffoodand_________(be)polite.
4.________________(not,talk)and____________(read)aloud.
5._______________(not,leave)yourhomeworkfortomorrow,Larry.
6.________________(look)out!Acariscoming.
7._______________(give)ustenyearsandjustseewhatourcountrywillbelike.
8.________________(not,let)thebabycry.
9.Wearmoreclothesoryou____________(catch)acold.10.Lets_______________(not,say)anythingaboutit.
二、单项选择
1.TheTVistooloud.Please________.
A.turnitdownB.toturnitdownC.turndownitD.toturndownit
2._______lateagain,Bill!
A.DonttobeB.DontbeC.NotbeD.Benot
三、将下列句子变成感叹句:
1.Itisquiteanicepresent.→__________nicepresent!
2.Wehavefineweathertoday.→__________weatherwehavetoday!
3.It’ssunnytoday.→__________sunnydayitistoday!
4.Thechildrenareworkinghard.→__________thechildrenareworking!
5.Sheplayedbasketballwonderfully.→__________sheplayedbasketball!
6.Heisgoodatsinging.→__________hesings!
7.Hewasdoingwellindancing.→_____a_____dancerhewas!
8.Tomcoughsbadly.→_______________coughTomhas!
9.Thefishisverylovely.→__________thefishis!
10.Theyliveahappylifetoday.→_______________lifetheylive!
四、将下列句子变成祈使句:
11.Wouldyouliketowaitamoment?→__________amoment.
12.CanIuseyourbike?→Please__________yourbike.
13.You’dbetternotsmokehere.→__________here.
14.Youmustbecarefulwithyourhandwriting.__________withyourhandwriting.
15.Willyoupleasenotplaywithmypencil?→________withmypencil,____.
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