英语句式有哪些需要倒装
一般来说倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装.有的倒装是因为语法需要而出现的,有的倒装则是因为结构平衡的需要而出现的.
一、全部倒装
1.以here,there,now,
then开头的句子,谓语动词要放在句子的主语之前.这种句子中的谓语动词通常是不及物动词.如:
Herecomesthetrain!
Theregoesthebell!
注意:如果句子的主语是人称代词,则不能使用倒装结构.如:
Hereitcomes!/Thereitgoes!
2.有些动词短语以副词out,in,up,down,away等结尾,构成不及物动词短语.这时,为了使句子更形象,常将这些副词提前到句首.这时,句中的谓语动词要放在句子主语的前面,构成全部倒装.(注意,这时句子的主语也必须是名词.如果是人称代词,也不能使用倒装结构.)如:
Upwenttherocket.
Upitwent.
3.为了强调表示地点的介词短语,常将这个介词短语放在句首,构成全部倒装.注意,这时句子的谓语动词通常是不及物动词.如:
Inthefrontofthelecturehallsatthespeaker.
4.表语置于句首,且主语较长或结构较复杂的句子要用全部倒装.如:
Gonearethedayswhenwehadnothingtoeat.
5.so/neither/nor表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者,其倒装结构为“so/neither/nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语”(so表示肯定意义,neither/nor表示否定意义).如:
Shehasfinishedherhomework,sohasherbrother.
Shehasn’tgonethere,neither/norhashe.
但如果so表示强调,即强调前面所说的情况的真实性时,
其结构是“so+主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词”,这里的主语同前一个句子的主语指的是同一人或物.如:
SheknowslittleEnglish,soshedoes.她英语懂得不多.她的确如此.
二.部分倒装
1.用于疑问句中.如:
Howdidyoudothat?
Didyouseethefilmyesterday?
2.用于省略if的虚拟条件状语从句中.如果我们将连词if省略,应把were,had,
should提到主语前面.如:
Ifyouhadcomeyesterday,youwouldhaveseenhim.
→Hadyoucomeyesterday,youwouldhaveseenhim.
3.用于as引导的让步状语从句中.as引导的让步状语从句引起的倒装有以下几种形式:
1)副词置于句首.如:
MuchasIlikeit(=AlthoughIlikeitverymuch),I
willnotbuyit.
2)动词原形置于句首.如
Waitasyoumay(=Althoughyoumaywait),hewillnot
seeyou.
3)形容词或名词置于句首.如:
Proudasthenoblesare(=Althoughthenoblesare
proud),theyareafraidtoseeme.
Childasheis(=Althoughheisachild),hecan
tellrightfromwrong.
注意:如果名词前有形容词修饰时,as引导的倒装句中要保留不定冠词.如:
Abad-temperedmanasheis(=Althoughheisa
bad-temperedman),helovesmedeeply.
4.具有否定意义的副词或连词(not,hardly,nosooner,notuntil,
seldom,notonce,atnotime,never,little等)置于句首时,
句子(主句)采用部分倒装.如:
Littledoweknowabouthim.
Nosoonerhadheclosedhiseyesthanhefell
asleep.
SeldomdoeshecomebackonSundays.
NotuntilhecamebackdidIknowaboutit.
5.only修饰句子的状语(从句)位于句首时,句子(主句)要用部分倒装.如:
OnlythendidIrealizetheimportanceofEnglish.
Onlywhenachildgrowsupdoesheunderstandhis
parents’intentions.
但如果only修饰的是句子的其它成分,则无需倒装.如:
OnlysocialismcansaveChina.
(only修饰的是句子的主语,故仍用正常语序.)
6.notonly…butalso…连接两个并列分句时,第一个分句应使用部分倒装.如:
Notonlydoeshedowellinhislessons,butalsohe
oftenhelpsotherswiththeirlessons.
7.so…that结构中的倒装.有时要强调so所修饰的形容词或副词,常将so
连同它所修饰的形容词或副词一起提到句首.这时,主句要用倒装结构.如:
Herunssofastthatheisfaraheadofothers.
→Sofastdoesherunthatheisfaraheadofothers.
Heissocleverthathecanworkoutallthe
difficultproblemsinthebook.
→Socleverishethathecanworkoutallthe
difficultproblemsinthebook.(全部倒装)
当主语在谓语前出现时叫顺序(thenaturalorder).在某些情况下,我们可以把谓语成分放在主语前面,这种词序叫做倒装(theinvertedorder).
倒装分两种:配合语法条例的倒装,叫“grammaticalinversion”;配合强调语势的叫“emphaticinversion”.
语法上的倒装句是强制性的,包括下列7种:
⒈疑问句,如:
●Canyoudoit?
●Howoldareyou?
●Whendidyouknowhim?
●Whydidyouelecthimascaptain?
●Whichoftheseapplesdoyouprefer?
但疑问代词做主语时,不必倒置,如:
●WhoisyourEnglishteacher?
●Whathappenedlastnight?
⒉表示“愿望”的句子,如:
●MayGodblessyou.
●Longlivetheking!
⒊“There”引导的句子,如:
●Therearemanycarsontheroad.
●Therestandsomebigtreesneartheriver.
●Thereisasecurityguardoutsidethebank.
⒋感叹句,如:
●Howbeautifulthefloweris!
●Whatasmartboyyouare!
⒌有连接词“so,neither,nor”的句子,如:
●Tomcanrideabicycle;socanI.
●Shecan'tsing;neithercanhe.
●Johnhasneverbeenlate;norhaveI.
⒍省略连词“if”的条件副词分句,如:
●WereIyou,Iwouldnotdosuchathing.
●Shouldthemachinebreakdownagain,senditbacktous.
●Hadyouworkedharder,youwouldhavepassed.
⒎“as,however”连接的让步副词分句,如:
●Smallasthepenis,itisapowerfulweapon.
●Howeverbusyyouare,youshouldspendsometimereadingZaobaoweekly.
谈过了语法上的倒装句,现在谈强调的倒装句.
●NeverhaveIseensuchawickedman.
●Onnoaccountmustthisemployeeberemoved.
●NotuntilhetoldmehadIheardanythingofit.
●NosoonerhadIleftthantheraincame.
●Upjumpedthepuppy.
●IncameJohn.
●Downfelltherottenbranchesfromthetree.
●Outcameawomanandhermaid.
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