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英语句式有哪些需要倒装

发表时间:2024-07-15 12:18:25 来源:网友投稿

一般来说倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装.有的倒装是因为语法需要而出现的,有的倒装则是因为结构平衡的需要而出现的.

一、全部倒装

1.以here,there,now,

then开头的句子,谓语动词要放在句子的主语之前.这种句子中的谓语动词通常是不及物动词.如:

Herecomesthetrain!

Theregoesthebell!

注意:如果句子的主语是人称代词,则不能使用倒装结构.如:

Hereitcomes!/Thereitgoes!

2.有些动词短语以副词out,in,up,down,away等结尾,构成不及物动词短语.这时,为了使句子更形象,常将这些副词提前到句首.这时,句中的谓语动词要放在句子主语的前面,构成全部倒装.(注意,这时句子的主语也必须是名词.如果是人称代词,也不能使用倒装结构.)如:

Upwenttherocket.

Upitwent.

3.为了强调表示地点的介词短语,常将这个介词短语放在句首,构成全部倒装.注意,这时句子的谓语动词通常是不及物动词.如:

Inthefrontofthelecturehallsatthespeaker.

4.表语置于句首,且主语较长或结构较复杂的句子要用全部倒装.如:

Gonearethedayswhenwehadnothingtoeat.

5.so/neither/nor表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者,其倒装结构为“so/neither/nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语”(so表示肯定意义,neither/nor表示否定意义).如:

Shehasfinishedherhomework,sohasherbrother.

Shehasn’tgonethere,neither/norhashe.

但如果so表示强调,即强调前面所说的情况的真实性时,

其结构是“so+主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词”,这里的主语同前一个句子的主语指的是同一人或物.如:

SheknowslittleEnglish,soshedoes.她英语懂得不多.她的确如此.

二.部分倒装

1.用于疑问句中.如:

Howdidyoudothat?

Didyouseethefilmyesterday?

2.用于省略if的虚拟条件状语从句中.如果我们将连词if省略,应把were,had,

should提到主语前面.如:

Ifyouhadcomeyesterday,youwouldhaveseenhim.

→Hadyoucomeyesterday,youwouldhaveseenhim.

3.用于as引导的让步状语从句中.as引导的让步状语从句引起的倒装有以下几种形式:

1)副词置于句首.如:

MuchasIlikeit(=AlthoughIlikeitverymuch),I

willnotbuyit.

2)动词原形置于句首.如

Waitasyoumay(=Althoughyoumaywait),hewillnot

seeyou.

3)形容词或名词置于句首.如:

Proudasthenoblesare(=Althoughthenoblesare

proud),theyareafraidtoseeme.

Childasheis(=Althoughheisachild),hecan

tellrightfromwrong.

注意:如果名词前有形容词修饰时,as引导的倒装句中要保留不定冠词.如:

Abad-temperedmanasheis(=Althoughheisa

bad-temperedman),helovesmedeeply.

4.具有否定意义的副词或连词(not,hardly,nosooner,notuntil,

seldom,notonce,atnotime,never,little等)置于句首时,

句子(主句)采用部分倒装.如:

Littledoweknowabouthim.

Nosoonerhadheclosedhiseyesthanhefell

asleep.

SeldomdoeshecomebackonSundays.

NotuntilhecamebackdidIknowaboutit.

5.only修饰句子的状语(从句)位于句首时,句子(主句)要用部分倒装.如:

OnlythendidIrealizetheimportanceofEnglish.

Onlywhenachildgrowsupdoesheunderstandhis

parents’intentions.

但如果only修饰的是句子的其它成分,则无需倒装.如:

OnlysocialismcansaveChina.

(only修饰的是句子的主语,故仍用正常语序.)

6.notonly…butalso…连接两个并列分句时,第一个分句应使用部分倒装.如:

Notonlydoeshedowellinhislessons,butalsohe

oftenhelpsotherswiththeirlessons.

7.so…that结构中的倒装.有时要强调so所修饰的形容词或副词,常将so

连同它所修饰的形容词或副词一起提到句首.这时,主句要用倒装结构.如:

Herunssofastthatheisfaraheadofothers.

→Sofastdoesherunthatheisfaraheadofothers.

Heissocleverthathecanworkoutallthe

difficultproblemsinthebook.

→Socleverishethathecanworkoutallthe

difficultproblemsinthebook.(全部倒装)

当主语在谓语前出现时叫顺序(thenaturalorder).在某些情况下,我们可以把谓语成分放在主语前面,这种词序叫做倒装(theinvertedorder).

倒装分两种:配合语法条例的倒装,叫“grammaticalinversion”;配合强调语势的叫“emphaticinversion”.

语法上的倒装句是强制性的,包括下列7种:

⒈疑问句,如:

●Canyoudoit?

●Howoldareyou?

●Whendidyouknowhim?

●Whydidyouelecthimascaptain?

●Whichoftheseapplesdoyouprefer?

但疑问代词做主语时,不必倒置,如:

●WhoisyourEnglishteacher?

●Whathappenedlastnight?

⒉表示“愿望”的句子,如:

●MayGodblessyou.

●Longlivetheking!

⒊“There”引导的句子,如:

●Therearemanycarsontheroad.

●Therestandsomebigtreesneartheriver.

●Thereisasecurityguardoutsidethebank.

⒋感叹句,如:

●Howbeautifulthefloweris!

●Whatasmartboyyouare!

⒌有连接词“so,neither,nor”的句子,如:

●Tomcanrideabicycle;socanI.

●Shecan'tsing;neithercanhe.

●Johnhasneverbeenlate;norhaveI.

⒍省略连词“if”的条件副词分句,如:

●WereIyou,Iwouldnotdosuchathing.

●Shouldthemachinebreakdownagain,senditbacktous.

●Hadyouworkedharder,youwouldhavepassed.

⒎“as,however”连接的让步副词分句,如:

●Smallasthepenis,itisapowerfulweapon.

●Howeverbusyyouare,youshouldspendsometimereadingZaobaoweekly.

谈过了语法上的倒装句,现在谈强调的倒装句.

●NeverhaveIseensuchawickedman.

●Onnoaccountmustthisemployeeberemoved.

●NotuntilhetoldmehadIheardanythingofit.

●NosoonerhadIleftthantheraincame.

●Upjumpedthepuppy.

●IncameJohn.

●Downfelltherottenbranchesfromthetree.

●Outcameawomanandhermaid.

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