初二下学期英语语法

1、宾语从句：

如果一个句子作为动词或介词的宾语,称为宾语从句.

（1）如果一个特殊疑问句作某个动词或介词的宾语,一定要用其陈述的语序.如：theyoftenaskhimwhereheisfrom..不能说成：theyoftenaskhimwhereishefrom.

（2）某些特殊疑问句作宾语可以简写成“特殊疑问句+todo”的形式.例如：iamthinkingaboutwhattosaywhatishouldsay.>我正在考虑我该说点儿什么.

练习：

一,选择题；

()1,thanksalotfor---------meaboutit.a.totellb.tellc.tellingd.told

()2.bestwishes-------yourbirthday.a.forb.toc.ond.in

()3.inengland,peopleusuallycalljamesjim-------.a.shortly

b.forshortc.easyd.easily

()4.motherwithherthreechildren-----------goingshopping.

a.areb.isc.willd.were

()5.march8this-----------.a.thewomensdayb.thewomansday

c.womensdayd.womenday

二,改错题：

（）1.everyherelikeenglishverymuch.

abcd

()2.mrwuisgoingtowantmetogiveatalk.

abcd

()3.inengland,younevercantputtheirfamilynamefirst.

abcd

()4.idontknowwhydopeoplecallmejim.

abcd

()5.idliketobuysomethingformrwuinteachersday.

abcd

三、单项选择：

（）1.bestwishes---------teachersday.a.tob.forc.ofd.with

()2.thankyouforenglishfun.a.makeb.tomakec.makesd.making

()3.inengland,peopleneverusethefirstnametheirfamilyname.

a.before.b.infrontofc.withd.after

()4.theteacherdidntteachusinthelastlesson.

a.newanythingb,newsomethingc.anythingnewd.somethingnew

()5.everyoneishere.nobodyis-----------

a.notawayb,awayc.notoutd.go

()6.hisfriendscalljimshort.a.he,forb.him,forc.him,ind.her,for

()7.wouldyouliketogiveusa-----------?

a.talkingb.talkc.totalkd.talks

()8.cometomyofficeafterschool,tom.letsatalkaboutyour

lessons.

()9.----hi,tom.howisyourfather?-----oh,----------------

a.heisnottallb.hedoesntfeelwellc.heisoldd.heisateacher

()10.davidwilliamlewisiscalledwhenwemeethimfor

thefirsttime.

a.daveb.davidc.mrlewisd.mrwillian

()11.roberthomasbrowismyverygoodfriend,soiusuallycall

him-------

a.mrbrownb.roberbrowmc.bobd.mrrobert

()12.somethingaboutyourfamily,ok?

a.sayb.tellc.speakd.talk

()13.youcancallmebob,youshouldnevercallmemrbob.

a.butb.orc.andd./

()14.inchina,thefirstnameisname.thatsdifferentenglishname.

a.family,withb.given,fromc.family,fromd.given,with

()15,imverygladthenews.

a.hearb.tohearc.listendlistening

()16.whatabouttothegreatwallhotel?

a.gob.togoc.goesd.goin语法:

2.一般将来时:begoingto结构的用法:

(1)用begoingto+动词原形表示”将要发生的事情或主观上打算,计划,决定要做的事.其后的时间状语通常为表示短期或近期含义的短语或表示固定时间的从句.如:tomorrowmorning,/tomorrowafternoon/tomorrowevening,nextmonth/nextweek/nextyear/nextsaturday,thisweek/year/afternoon/saturday.或者whenyougrowup---------?等等

(2)begoingto结构中,be是助动词,要按句中主语的人称和数的变化而变化.其后要接动词的原形.该句的否定式是在be后面加not,其疑问式将be提到句首.如:sheisgoingtohelphermothercleanthehousethissunday./wearegoingtowatchtvtomorrowevening./aretheygoingtohaveasportsmeetingnextmonth.?/thereisgoingtobe

anenglishcalltomorrowafternoon..

(3),在英语中,表示位置转移的动词,如:come,go,fly,drive,leave,stay,等,可用现在进行时表示按计划或安排即将发生的事,不必用begoingto结构.如:sheisflyingtonanjingherself.明天她一个人飞往南京.areyoudrivinghome?你开车回家吗?

练习：

单项选择题：

（）1.whatareyougoingtodofridayevening?a.inb.onc.atd.of

()2.doyouhavetodoeveryday?

a..muchworkb.manyworkc.muchworksd.manyworks

()3.whataboutmeatforsupper?

a.tobuysomeb.tobuyanyc.buyingsomed.buyingany

()4.annherhairthissaturday.

a.washb.washesc.towashd.isgoingtowash

()5.myschoolisnear.ilikewalkingthere.

a.toob.quitec.quietd.so

()6.thesenewshoesarefor.

a.youandib.iandyouc.youandmed.meandyou

()7.wouldyoulikeboating?

a.gob.togoc.goingd.togoto

()8.whynottherebybus?

a.togob.goesc.god.going

()9.areyoufreenextsaturday?------------------.

a.sureb.ithinksoc.nothingmuchd.why

()10.isliminggoodsinging?

a.atb.inc.ond.for

()11.ihavesomebooks.

a.readb.readingc.toreadd.toreading

()12.a.reyougoingtostayatschoolonmayday?no,imnot..

a.imgoingtohomeb.imhomec.imgoinghomed.igotohome

()13.katehasgoodfriendsatschool.

a.aquitelotofb,quitealotofc.quitealotd.aquiteof

()14.itsfivemilesthefarmthebusstop.

a.from,tob.to,fromc.from,withd.from,by

()15.ourteacherlikesusenglishinthemorning.

a.toreadb.readingc.readd.reads

()16.theyaregoingtoplayfootballnextfriday.

a.onb./c.ind.at

()17.letsnow.

a.goingtotheparkb.toplaygamesc.aresingingd.havearest

3.形容词的比较级和最高级的用法：

(1)表示两者之间的比较时用比较级,常用于“比较级+than”结构.如：

thisboxisheavierthanthatone.这个盒子比那个重.

heismuchtallerthaniam>,口语一般用me>.他比我高很多.通常可用much,alittle,alot,still,even等词修饰比较级.还可以用“数词+名词”构成的名词短语表示确定的度量,来修饰比较级.如：

iamtenyearsolderthanmylittlebrother.我比我的小弟弟大了十岁.

(2)表示三者或三者以上的比较时用最高级,常用于“最-----“.

最高级的前面一般要加定冠词the,后面可带of短语来说明比较的范围.如：theonewithnutsisthenicestofall.里面夹果仁的月饼是所有月饼中最好吃的.lileiisthebestatenglishinhisclass.李雷在他们班英语学得最好.

另外最高级还可以被序数词所修饰.如：

theyellowriveristhesecondlongestinchina.黄河是中国第二大长河.

一,根据句意填入适当的词：

1,theyarehavingteatheopenair.

2,thankyouverymuchyourhelp.

3,wouldyouliketocomesupper?

4,wuxiaistheatchineseinherclass.

5,thisisabookmanycolourpicture

6,ourclassroomisclean.itiscleaneryours.

7,thisbottleisempty.mayihaveaone?

8,whatisthewithyourpen?itisbroken.

9,isthethirdseasonofayear.

二,句子改写：

malilisrulerislongerthankates.(变为一般疑问句)

——malilisruler____,_____kates?

2,jimsboxistheheaviestofall.(变为否定句)

jimsbox_____theheaviestofall.

3,theblackbagistheoldestofthefour.(对划线部分提问)

__________istheoldestofthefour?

4,lileiisthirteen.zhanghongistwelve.(连成一句)

lileiisoneyear_________zhanghong.

5,tomisthetallestboyintheclass.(同义句改写)

tomis____than_________boyintheclass.

6,hewatchestveveryevning.(用thisevening替换everyevening)

he_____________________tvthisevening.

三,用所给的词的适当形式填空：

1,ihavenothing_____(do)today.

2,islucyrunning_____(slow)thanlili?

3,whatkindof_____(duck)areyoufeedingnow?

4,hishobbyis____(is)anartist.

5,whichdoyouthinkis______(beauty),thecityorthecountry?

6canyouhearsomething_______(sing)inthenextroom?

7,stop_____(play).nowletshaveourlesson.

8what_____(grow)onthisfarm?

9,nowmybrotherislearningmoreabout______(draw).

10,ridingabikeismuch______(easy).

四,根据句意填上一个最恰当的词,使句子通顺,语法正确：

1,doyouallagree____her?2,thecorn_____slowly.

3,ipickmorepearsthanhe_____.4,why____comewithus?

5,which____faster,ataxiorabus?6,todayshe____tostayat

home.7,mylittledogishungry.imust_____it.

8,mymotherlikes____mesomestoriesatweekend.

9,whatareyougoingtodoafteryou_____school?

10,ithinkthetreesinshenyangismuchfewerthan____indalia.五,句型转换：

1,pleasewalkguickly,oryouwillmissthetrain.

_________________walkguickly,youwillmissthetrain.

2,doyouhavetimethisweekend?____you___thisweekend?

3,letshavearest?____________arest?________havearest.

4,whichisthewaytothestation,please?

___________thestation,please?

5,idontknow.ihave___________.

6,thepostofficeisnotinsidethestation.

thepostofficeis______thestation.

7,jimsitsinfrontofbill.billsits_____jim.

8,todaysomecountriesdontuseanimalstodofarmworkanymore.todaysomecountries_________useanimalstodofarm

work.

9,thispenischeaperthananyotheroneintheshop.

thispenis___________intheshop.

五,动词的适当形式填空：

1．listen!who______(sing)intheclassroom?

2,mayi_____(come)in?imsorryimlate.

it_____(not,matter).comein,please.

3.jimusually____(do)hishomeworkatschool,buthe______

(do)itathomenow.

4,we____(see)unclewangtomorrow.wouldyoulike______

(go)withus?5,whynot______(go)boating?

6.whatabout_______(go)onapicnic?

4．提建议的表达方法：

ⅰ、shalli/wedo(动词原形)------?表示“我/我们-----好吗?”例：shallwegotothezoo?我们去动物园好吗?

ⅱ、letsdo(动词原形)------.表示“让我们做-----吧”

例：letsmakeithalfpastone.让我们定在一点半吧.

iii、whynotdo(动词原形)------表示“为什么不做-----呢?”

例：whynotgivehersomeflowers?为什么不送给她一些花呢?

5．怎样“表示需要”、“询问方向”和“指点方向”

i．表示需要：1.heneedssomehelp.2.youneedanumber16bus.

3.whichnumberdoineed?

ii.怎样“问路（询问方向）”：

1.excuseme.whichisthewaytothepostoffice?

2.excuseme.can(could)youtellmethewaytothepark?

3.excuseme.can(could)youshowmethewaytothebookshop?

4.excuseme.doyouknowthewaytothebank?

5.excuseme.howcanigettothefarm?

6.excuseme.can(could)youtellmehowicangettothehospital?

7.excuseme,can(could)youtellmewherethetheatreis?

8.excuseme.whereisthenearesthospital,please?

iii.怎样“指点道路”（指点方向）：

1、itsoverthereontheright/left.

2、itsnextto/infrontof/behind/outsidetheschool.

3、walkalong/dodownthisroad.

4、takethefirstturningontheleft/right.==turnleft/rightatthe

firstturning.

5、tsabouttwohundredmetresalongontheleft/right.

6、tsaboutfivekilometersaway.

a)itsabouttenminutes‘walkfromhere.

b)thenearestisaboutthreekilometersaway.youneedano.1bus.

c)takeano.3busontherightandgetoffatthesixthstop.

6.序数词的用法：表示事物的顺序叫序数词.序数词往往与定冠词the连用.

（1）,1----3,没有规律,要逐个记忆.

onefirst;twosecond;threethird;

(2).4-----12.有规律,其中four,six,seven,ten,eleven是在基数词的后面加上th,而fivefifth,eighteighth,nineninth,twelvetwelfth是没有规律,要逐个记忆.

(3).13------20有规律,是在基数词的后面加上th就行.

（4）.第二十至第九十的整十的倍数都是在基数词后将词尾的-y改为i,再加-eth构成的.

（5）,十位以上的基数词变成序数词时,把个位数变成序数词即可,十位数不变.第一百、第一千、第一百万都是在基数词的后面直接加上-th构成.

（6）,序数词的缩写形式是由阿拉伯数字加上序数词的最后两个字母构成.

附：基数词变为序数词的口诀：

基变序,有规律,词尾加上th；

一、二、三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d;

八减t,九减e,f来把ve替；

单词ty作结尾,ty变成tie;

若是碰到几十几,只变个位就可以.

练习题：

一．听力：20分.（四个类型）略.

二．笔试：80分.

《一》.词汇：

a．根据句子的意思及首字母提示,用适当的词填空：

1．w______backtoschool.2.octobercomesafters_______.

3.therearemanyb______flowersinthepark.

4.e______isthebiggestanimalontheland.

5.walkalongthisroad,andtakethefourtht_____ontheright.

6.shallwemeeto_____theschoolgate?

7.dontswimintheriver.itsd_______.

8.tigersusuallyliveinthef______andthemountains.

9.itsfarfromhere.youhadbetterc_____abus.

d)thankyouallthes______.

e)doyoun____anyhelp,missblack?

f)letsmakeithalfpastnine.nop_____.

g)thisbigboxistooh______.icantcarryit.

h)jimoftengoesthew_____way.

i)iamveryt______.shallihavearest?

b.按要求写出下列各词：

1.busy(比较级)______2.big(最高级)_______3.early(比较级)____4.nice(最高级)______5.beautiful(比较级)___________

6.good(比较级)______7.many(最高级)______8.slowly(比较级)_____9.five(序数词)_____10.one(序数词)_____11.two(序数词)_______12.three(序数词)______13.nine(序数词)______

14.twelve(序数词)_____15.twenty(序数词)_____16.swim(现在分词)_____17.close(形容词)_____18.friend(形容词)______

19.wish(复数)______20.full(反义词)_____21.before(反义词)_____22.right(同音词)_____23.alse(同义词)______24.free(反义词)_____25.strong(比较级)______26.foot(复数)______27.run(名词)_____28.zoo(复数)_____29.play(名词)______30.quick(副词)______

c.根据汉语提示,用单词的适当形式填空：

1．lucyisfeelingmuch______(更好)now.

2．thisturkey________(尝起来)fine.

2.missliis__________(讲)childrenastory.

3.atnight,therearemany______(星星)inthesky.

4.hejumps_______(最高)atthesportsmeeting.

二．选择填空：20分.略.

三．改写句子：根据要求完成下列各句：

1.heiswashinghisclothesnow.(用tomorrow改写)

heis_____________washhisclothestomorrow.

2.heistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.(变为同义句)

heis_____________inhisclass.

3.youhadbettergothereonfoot.(改为否定句)

youhad____________gothereonfoot.

4.theyaregoingtoleaveonmonday.(划线部分提问)

______________theygoingtoleave?

5.youusuallycometoschoolbybike.(改为否定疑问句)

_______youusually______toschoolbybike?

四．口语运用：从b栏中找出能与a栏配对的答语：

ab

()1.whatareyougoingtodonextsunday?a.somebread.

()2.shallwegotothezoo?b.somebread,please.

()3.whenshallwemeet?c.sorry,imbusy.

()4.whataboutaquarterpastten?d.nothingmuch.

()5.whatcanyouseeonthetable/e.ataquarterpastten.

()6.whatwouldyoulike?f.no.letsmakeitalittleearlier.

()7.areyoufreetomorrow?g.ithinkso.

()8.couldyougotherewithmetomorrow?h.goodidea.

()9.whatdoesitsay?i.dontfeedtheanimals.

()10.wouldyouliketogotothecinema?j.yes,idloveto.

五．动词填空：用所给的动词的适当形式填空：

1._______jimusually______(walk)toschool?

2.everyone_____(be)here.lettheteacher______(start)hislesson.

3.ihavemuchhomework________(do)andimustfinish________(do)itfirst.

5.sheusually______(play)footballonsundays,butnowshe_____(swim).

6.what____he_________(do)tomorrow?

六．补全对话：

a;excuseme,_____________afruitshopnearhere?

b;iam______i_______know.iamnewhere.youhadbetter______thatpoliceman_______there.

a;thankyou______the_____.

b:excuseme,______thenearestfruitshop,please?

c;sorry,thereisnt.

a:then_____________isthenearestonefromhere?

c:its_______sevenkilometers________.youhadbettercatchabus.

a:whichbusshallitake,please?

c:theno.105bus.itwilltakeyou______there.

a;whereisthebusstop,please?

c:goalongthisroad,andthentakethefirstturningontheright.youcansee______infrontofyou.

a;thankyouverymuch.

c:notatall.

七．看图完成对话：

kate:excuseme!_____cani

_________thenearestmarket,please?

jill:___________thisstreet,and

______thethird______onthe____.

thentakethesecondturningonthe_______.

itsabout_________________alongontheright.

kate:oh,isee.thanksalot.

jill:itsmypleasure.

八．书面表达：

根据要求写一段对话：（看图写,不少与50个词）

henryisgoingtobuyadictionary.

hedoesntknowthewaytothebookshop.

soheaskssamtogowithhim.

butsamsaysheisbusy.heshowshenry

onthemap.lookatthemap,andmakeadialogue.