关于泰拳的英语说明文

MuayThaiisacombatsportfromthemuaymartialartsofThailandthatusesstand-upstrikingalongwithvariousclinchingtechniques.Thisphysicalandmentaldisciplinewhichincludescombatonshinsisknownastheartofeightlimbsbecauseitischaracterizedbythecombineduseoffists,elbows,knees,shins,beingassociatedwithagoodphysicalpreparationthatmakesafull-contactfighterveryefficient.MuayThaibecamewidespreadinternationallyinthetwentiethcentury,whenpractitionersdefeatednotablepractitionersofothermartialarts.AprofessionalleagueisgovernedbytheWorldMuayThaiCouncil.

Muayboran,andthereforeMuayThai,wasoriginallycalledbymoregenericnamessuchaspahuyuth(fromtheSanskritbahu-yuddhameaningunarmedcombat),Toimuayorsimplymuay.Aswellasbeingapracticalfightingtechniqueforuseinactualwarfare,muaybecameasportinwhichtheopponentsfoughtinfrontofspectatorswhowenttowatchforentertainment.Thesemuaycontestsgraduallybecameanintegralpartoflocalfestivalsandcelebrations,especiallythoseheldattemples.Eventually,thepreviouslybare-fistedfightersstartedwearinglengthsofhempropearoundtheirhandsandforearms.Thistypeofmatchwascalledmuaykhatchueak.KickboxingwasalsoacomponentofmilitarytrainingandgainedprominenceduringthereignofKingNaresuanin1560CE.

MuayThaiisreferredtoastheArtofEightLimbsortheScienceofEightLimbs,becauseitmakesuseofpunches,kicks,elbowsandkneestrikes,thususingeightpointsofcontact,asopposedtotwopoints(fists)inboxingandfourpoints(handsandfeet)usedinothermoreregulatedcombatsports,suchaskickboxingandsavate.ApractitionerofmuayThaiisknownasanakmuay.WesternpractitionersaresometimescalledNakMuayFarang,meaningforeignboxer.

KingRamaVII(r.1925–35)pushedforcodifiedrulesformuay,andtheywereputintoplace.Thailand'sfirstboxingringwasbuiltin1921atSuanKularp.Refereeswereintroducedandroundswerenowtimedbykick.FightersattheLumpineeKickboxingStadiumbeganwearingmoderngloves,aswellashardgroinprotectors,duringtrainingandinboxingmatchesagainstforeigners.Traditionalrope-binding(KaadChuek)madethehandsahardened,dangerousstrikingtool.Theuseofknotsintheropeovertheknucklesmadethestrikesmoreabrasiveanddamagingfortheopponentwhileprotectingthehandsofthefighter.Thisrope-bindingwasstillusedinfightsbetweenThaisbutaftertheoccurrenceofadeathinthering,itwasdecidedthatfightersshouldwearglovesandcottoncoverletsoverthefeetandankles.ItwasalsoaroundthistimethatthetermmuayThaibecamecommonlyusedwhiletheolderformofthestylecametobeknownasmuayboran,whichisnowperformedprimarilyasanexhibitionartform.

WiththesuccessofmuayThaiinthemixedmartialarts,ithasbecomethedefactostyleofchoiceforcompetitivestand-upfighters.Asaresult,westernpractitionershaveincorporatedmuchmorepowerfulhandstrikingtechniquesfromboxingalthoughsomeThaipuristsaccusethemofdilutingtheart.

In1993,theInternationalFederationofMuaythaiAmateur,orIFMAwasinaugurated.ItbecamethegoverningbodyofamateurMuayThaiconsistingof128membercountriesworldwideandisrecognizedbyOlympicCouncilofAsia.

In1995,WorldMuaythaiCouncil,theoldestandlargestprofessionalsanctioningorganizationsofMuayThaiwassetupbytheRoyalThaiGovernmentandsanctionedbytheSportsAuthorityofThailand.

In1995,theWorldMuayThaiFederationwasfoundedviathemergeroftwoexistingorganizations,andestablishedinBangkok.asofAugust2012,ithadover70membercountries.ItsPresidentiselectedattheWorldMuayThaiCongress.

Today,therearethousandsofgymsspreadoutacrosstheglobe.

FormalmuayThaitechniquesaredividedintotwogroups:maemaiormajortechniquesandlukmaiorminortechniques.MuayThaiisoftenafightingartofattrition,whereopponentsexchangeblowswithoneanother.ThisiscertainlythecasewithtraditionalstylistsinThailand,butisalesspopularformoffightinginthecontemporaryworldfightingcircuitwheretheThaistyleofexchangingblowforblowisnolongerfavorable.AlmostalltechniquesinmuayThaiusetheentirebodymovement,rotatingthehipwitheachkick,punch,elbowandblock.

Likemostcompetitivefullcontactfightingsports,muayThaihasaheavyfocusonbodyconditioning.MuayThaiisspecificallydesignedtopromotetheleveloffitnessandtoughnessrequiredforringcompetition.Trainingregimensincludemanystaplesofcombatsportconditioningsuchasrunning,shadowboxing,ropejumping,bodyweightresistanceexercises,medicineballexercises,abdominalexercises,andinsomecasesweighttraining.Thaiboxersrelyheavilyonkicksutilizingtheshinbone.Assuch,practitionersofmuayThaiwillrepeatedlyhitadenseheavybagwiththeirshins,conditioningit,hardeningthebonethroughaprocesscalledcorticalremodeling.

TrainingthatisspecifictoaThaifighterincludestrainingwithcoachesonThaiPads,focusmitts,heavybag,andsparring.Thedailytrainingincludesmanyrounds(3–5minuteperiodsbrokenupbyashortrest,often1–2minutes)ofthesevariousmethodsofpractice.ThaiPadtrainingisacornerstoneofmuayThaiconditioningwhichinvolvespracticingpunches,kicks,knees,andelbowstrikeswithatrainerwearingthickpadswhichcovertheforearmsandhands.Thesespecialpads(oftenreferredtoasThaipads)areusedtoabsorbtheimpactofthefighter’sstrikesandallowthefightertoreacttotheattacksofthepadholderinalivesituation.Thetrainerwilloftenalsowearabellypadaroundtheabdominalareasothatthefightercanattackwithstraightkicksorkneestothebodyatanytimeduringtheround.

Focusmittsarespecifictotrainingafighter’shandspeed,punchcombinations,timing,punchingpower,defense,andcounter-punchingandmayalsobeusedtopracticeelbowstrikes.Heavybagtrainingisaconditioningandpowerexercisethatreinforcesthetechniquespracticedonthepads.Sparringisameanstotesttechnique,skills,range,strategy,andtimingagainstapartner.Sparringisoftenalighttomediumcontactexercisebecausecompetitivefightersonafullschedulearenotadvisedtoriskinjurybysparringhard.Specifictacticsandstrategiescanbetrainedwithsparringincludinginclosefighting,clinchingandkneeingonly,cuttingoffthering,orusingreachanddistancetokeepanaggressivefighteraway.

Duetotherigoroustrainingregimen(someThaiboxersfightalmosteveryotherweek)professionalboxersinThailandhaverelativelyshortcareersinthering.ManyretirefromcompetitiontobegininstructingthenextgenerationofThaifighters.MostprofessionalThaiboxerscomefromthelowereconomicbackgrounds,andthefightmoney(aftertheotherpartiesgettheircut)issoughtasmeansofsupportforthefightersandtheirfamilies.VeryfewhighereconomicstrataThaisjointheprofessionalmuayThairanks;theyusuallyeitherdonotpracticethesportorpracticeitonlyasamateurmuayThaiboxers.