野外探险需准备什么英语作文80词汇

HowtoPrepareforaBackpackingTripIntotheWilderness

Backpackinginthewildernesscanbeawonderfuladventure,alessoninsuffering,orjustplainfun.Butbytakingalittlecare,somecarefulplanning,andwithguidedexperience,itcanbeathrillingpastime.

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Steps

1

Learnthebasiccampingskills.Justreadingaboutcampingskillsisnotenough.Tolearnaboutotherpeople'sexperiencesandopinions,askfromaknowledgeableoutdoorsmanoroutdoorswoman.Ifyouarenewtobackpackingtrips,considerjoiningabackpackinggrouportourandaskforhelp.Youmightwanttolearnthesethingsbelowjustincasesomethinggoeswrong.

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Howtostartafire

Howtosendasmokesignal

Howtosetupatent

Howtouseacompass

2

Applyforpermitsorreservations.Somepopularhikingdestinationsrequirepermitstousecertainareas.Youmayneedafishinglicensetogotroutfishing.Ifyoufailtomakeareservationforthehutattrail'send,you'llbeoutofluck.

3

LearntoreadmapsanduseacompassandGPSproperly.Buyagoodcompassandamapoftheareainwhichyouintendtoimmerseyourself,andstudytheterraincarefullybeforeyousetout,sothatyouhavesomeideaofwhatawaitsyou.Getinthehabitasyouhikeoflookingaroundandcheckingyourmapsoyoualwaysknowwhereyouare.Keeptrackoflandmarksandtrailsidesceneryandmakenotesasyougoonthemap.Putthemapintoaclearplasticbagandsealitifitisnotalreadywaterproof.Thismightmeanthatyouhavetocutthemapupandsealeachsectionintoaseparatebag,butitkeepsitcleananddry.TheSilvabrandofcompassesarenormallyaccompaniedbyapamphletwithdetailedinstructions.

4

Learnaboutyourareaandwhereyouarecomingto.Thisisextremelyimportantifyouaregoingsomeplaceverydifferentfromyourownlocality.Researchwhatsortofweathertoexpect,whattypesofcreatures(i.e.bears)andvegetationthatyouarelikelytoencounter,terrain,andpossibledangers.Aguidebookcanbeuseful,ifitishigh-quality.Askalocalguidewhattolookfor,ifpossible.Whilepartoftheadventureisfacingtheunknown,peoplecangetthemselvesseriouslyendangered,die,orjusthavenofunwhatsoeverwhentheyfailtoplan.

5

Tellsomeoneyouritinerary.Beforeleavingforthehike,besureatrustedpersonwillbealertedtoyourtrip.Ifadisasterbefallsyou,andyoudon'tcomebackontime,heorshecanalerttheauthorities,giveinformationonyourintendedwhereabouts,andsoon.

6

Pickyourtravelingcompanions.Problemscanariseifthere'sabadmatchofhikers.Ifyouhavelittleexperience,findhikerswhocanhelpguideyou.Makesureyoulikeeachother.Choosefellowhikerswhohaveasimilarorbetterphysicalfitnesslevel.Itcanhelpifyouhavesimilarinterestsinthehike--wantingtoidentifylocalbirds,ortakewildlifephotography,rock-climb,andsoon.Don'trandomlyjoinhikeswithpeopleyoudonotknoworwhodonotseemtounderstandwhattheyaregettinginto;theycanbealiabilitylater.

7

Dressfortheenvironmentandtheweather.Temperaturesandweathercanvarywildly;bepreparedforarangeofconditions.Learntodresswarmlyforcoldtemperaturesorprotectyourselffromheat.

8

Packyourbackpacksensibly.Chooseitemsforslimprofile.Thingsyouwillneedeasyaccesstoshouldbeonouterpockets.Placeheavystuffinthebottomcompartmentandthelighterontop.Compressitemsthatcanbesquishedwithplasticbags,folding,orwhateverwillhelpmakeitsmaller.Thisisafineskillandeachperson'spackisdifferent.

9

Getusedtoyourpack.Twodaysintotheback-countryisnotthetimetofindoutyouaren'tabletocarryyourownpack.Carryitaroundfullyloadedforafewhourseveryday.Takewalkswheneverpossiblewithit.Ifyourbackpackistooheavyandunwieldyinthemiddleofcivilization,itwilltobeimpossibletocarryinthewilderness.Donottrytocarrymorethan30%ofyourownbodyweightonyourback-andeventhatmightbetoomuch.

10

Considerwherethewatersourcewillbe.Don'tassumeyoucandrinkthewaterunlesstoldbyanexpert-acrystalclearmountainstreamcanbeswimmingwithillness-causingbacteria.Watermaynotbepotable,oressentiallyinaccessible.Inadryorhotseason,springs,rivers,andstreamsmaydryup.Insomedryareas,likedeserts,youmayhavetobringinallofyourwater.Rememberthatwateris81/3poundsagallon.Youmightwanttouseawaterpurifier.

11

Purifyyourwater.Usually,waterfromaquestionablesourceiscleanedeitherwithapumporwithchemicalssuchasiodineorchlorinedioxide,bothofwhichcanbeboughtfromacampingstoreoron-line.Thesechemicalscansometimesdoubleasadisinfectantforwounds,insectbitesandscratches.

12

Bringyourfirstaidkit.Whatyouwillneedtobringwilldependonwhereyouarehiking,when,andhowlongyou'llbeout.Butabasickitwillcontain:

Bandages,bothgauzeandACEbandages(forsprainsandstrains)

Sunscreen

Pain-killers(ibuprofen,etc.)

Tweezers

Anti-bacterialcream

Diarrhearelief

Adhesivebandages

Footcareitems:athletictape,blisterbandages,moleskinpatches,etc.

Anythingelseyoutendtoneed:asthmainhaler,forinstance.

13

Considerlighting.Alwaysbringaheadlamporflashlightwithextrabatteriesandbulb(ifapplicable).Therearewind-uporpumplightsthatdonotrequirebatteriesbuttheydonotalwaysprovideasmuchlight.YoumaywantalightweightlanternorLEDlightforambientlight.

14

Travelwithafriend.Evenifyou'reexperienced,it'sfarsafertotravelinpairsoragroup.Besureatleastoneoutdoorsmanoroutdoorswomaninyourgrouphastheexperience,skills,andintelligencetokeepeveryonesafe.

15

Knowyourtents.Forbackpacking,youneedshelterthatisproperfortheterrainandseason,lightweightbutstrong,andrelativelyeasytomanage.Pop-uptentsareverypopularforthebeginner,althoughbesuretoselectthetentthatwillfityourneeds.Besuretoassembleyourtentbeforeheadingtothewilderness,toknowhowtosetit,inspectfordamage,andreplaceanymissingparts.Alwayshavearepairkit.Avoidpackingwettentsifyoucan.Ifyoucan't,don'tforgettodrythemoutlater.

16

Prepareyoursleepinggear.Asleepingbagisthetypicalwaytokeepwarmatnight.Besureyoursisratedintherecommendedtemperaturerangeofyourwildernessarea,asyoudon'twanttobetoohotorcold.Buyacompressionbagtohelpreducebulk.Youmaywanttobuyasleepingbaglinertokeepyourbaginitsbestshape.Youalsowilllikelywantasleepingpad,eitherblow-uporself-inflating.Alloftheseitemswillbeamongyourheaviest,bulkiestitems,sochoosewisely.Azero-degreebagshouldnotweighmorethan3poundsifyoushopcarefully.Asleepingpadshouldnotweighmorethan2pounds.Addedtogetherandonyourback,that'sstillaheavy5pounds.Tryfindgearwellbelowtheseweights.

17

Payattentiontoyourfootwear.Afootinjurywillturnawildernessjourneyintoacrisisinmoments.Choosesupportive,ruggedfootwearappropriatetotheterrain.Hikingbootsaretheusualbestchoice,withhikingshoesorsandalsalsopossiblegoodchoices.'Alwaysbreakinyourfootwearbeforeyourbackpackingtrip.':asimpleblistercancausebigdifficulties.Socksareimportanttoo:besuretheycushionsufficientlyandbringenoughtorotatetoavoidinfections.Ifyougetahotspot,(startstohurtalittle),stopanddealwithitrightaway.Youmightavoidabigproblemlater.

18

Consideryourfood.Backpackinginthewildernessrequireslightweight,shelf-stable,high-caloriefood.Avoidfoodthatneedsrefrigerationorisfragile.Mostoutdoorstores,catalogs,andwebsitesofferfreeze-dried,orready-to-eatmealsthatareeasytoheat.American-styleMRE's(militaryrations)areavailableinacommercialversion.Youcanalsofindfoodsatthegrocerystorethatareincamping-friendlyform.Inadditiontosnacks,twoorthreemealsaday,besureyoubringabitmorethanyouthinkyou'llneed.Inbearcountry,youwillneedtohaveabear-resistantcontainerandsecureitproperly.

19

Getcooking.Whatwillyouuseforheatingfoodandbeverages?(Ifyouare.)Someareaspermitcampfiresorhavegrillson-site.However,somelocationswillnotallowopenfires,ortherewillnotbeenoughwood.Alightweightcampingstovewillbeuseful,andisfastertocookwith,especiallyinbadweather.Rememberyouwillneedcookingimplements,vessels,andsomethingtoeatanddrinkwith.Ultra-lightsetupsusuallyfocusonboilingwaterforfreeze-driedmeals;moreelaboratecooking(frying,simmering,mixingmultipleitemsforonedish)callsforlessspecialized(andusuallyheavier)cookware.Yourstoveandcookwareshouldnotweighmorethan2pounds.Forexample,anultralightstove=3-6oz,ultralightpot=6oz.Thelatestmodelstendtousealotlessfuel,whichwillalsosaveyouweight(onceyouknowhowmuchfuelyouneed...thisvariesaccordingtothemenuandaltitude/outsidetemperatures)

20

Usefirewisely.Campfirescanbelife-saving,aswellasagreatcomfort.Buttheyarealsoaleadingcauseofinjuryatcampsites.Besurethatyouunderstandbasiccampfire-makingandsafety.

Havetwomethodsforcreatingfire,suchaswaterproofmatchesandalighter.

Ifthereisadesignatedarea,useit.

Alwayshavethemeanstoextinguishafireimmediatelyifitgetsoutofcontrol.

Neverleaveafiresmoldering.

Ifopenfiresarenotallowed,respectthatrule.

Donotburnplastic.

Neverpitchyourtentclosetothecampfire--tentsareflammableandmeltable!

21

Getthesanitationinorder.Youwillneedtobeabletowashanycookwareandyourhandspriortocooking.Youwillalsoneedplasticbags(preferablyzip-top)foranywastethatneedstobepackedout,suchaswrappersordogdoo-doo.