写一篇英语作文attitudestofoolday

Goodmorningeveryone,todaywe’lllookatcultureorratherclassificationsofcultures.Usuallywhenwedealwithdifferentpeople,wedealwiththemasifwewereallmembersofthesameculture.However,it’spossiblethatpeoplefromdifferentcultureshavedifferentassumptionsabouttheworld,regardingsuchimportantandbasicideasastime,personalspace.AndthisistheviewofEdwardHall.AndEdwardHallisananthropologistwhospentalargepartofhislifestudyingAmericanIndians,theirculture,theirlanguage,buthewasdifferentfromalotofotheranthropologistswhojuststudyoneculture.Hewasinterestedintherelationsbetweencultures,howculturesinteract,whatHallbelievesisthatculturescanbeclassifiedbyplacingthemonacontinuing,rangingfromwhathecalledhigh-contexttolow-context.OK,whatisahigh-contextculture?Ahigh-contextcultureisacultureinwhichthecontextofthemessageortheactionoraneventcarriesalargepartofitsmeaningandsignificance.Whatthismeansisthatinahigh-contextculturemoreattentionispaidtowhat’shappeninginandaroundthemessagethantothemessageitself.Nowletmegiveyouexamples.Firstintermsofpersonalspace,generallyspeakinginahigh-contextculture,becausethere’sagreaterdependencyongroupthinking,peopleleantowardsheaviersensoryinvolvementorclosenesstopeople.Andtheyhavelessrespectforprivacy,forpersonalspace.Ifyougointothatculture,peoplemightstandcloserwhenthey’retalkingtoyou.Theymighttouchmoreandifthey’rejustledinacrowd,theywon’tfeelviolated.Andalsopeoplefromahigh-contextculturepayattentiontobodylanguage.BecauserememberwhatIsaid,thedefinitionofahigh-contextcultureisthatmoreattentionispaidtothecontextofthemessagethantothemessageitself.Andpartofthecontextisbodylanguage.Secondintermsoftime,peopleinhigh-contextculturesareconsideredtohavewhatiscalledapolychronicattitudetowardtime.Here“poly”meansmultipleand“chronic”meanstime.Whatthismeansisthattheybelievepeople,things,eventshavetheirowntimeandtherecan’tbeastandardsystemoftimeforeverything.Whatthisleadsthemtobelieveisthatyoucan’temphasizepunctuality.Thingshappenwhentheyaresupposedtohappen.Sothere’sadifferentattitudetowardtime.Thereisnosetstandardoftime.Youcan’tcontroltime.Everythinghasitsownsenseoftime.Soit’saculturethatpayslittleattentiontotime,toclocktime.Now,let’smoveontolow-contextculture.Alowercontextcultureisjusttheopposite.Alow-contextcultureisoneinwhichthemessage,theeventortheactionisaseparateentity,havingmeaningontoitself,regardlessofthesurroundingsorthecontext.Thatthemessage,theevent,theactionhasmeaninginitself.Sowhatthismeansinalow-contextcultureisthatpeoplepaymoreattentiontotheeventitselfratherthantothecontextwhichsurroundstheeventorthemessage.Forexample,intermsofpersonalspaceagain.There’smoreemphasisonindividuality,sotheconceptofprivacyisveryveryimportantwhereasbeforeasIsaidinahigh-contextculturetheymightnotevenbeconcernedwithprivacyorpersonalspace.Butinalow-contextculture,there’safeelingthatweeachhaveourownpersonalspace.Ifyougettooclose,ifyoudon’tknockondoorsbeforeentering,that’saninvasionofprivacy;peoplefeelviolated.There’sarespectanddesireforprivacy,andyoualsoseethatpeoplemightpaylessattentiontobodylanguagebecauseasIsaidthemessageis,themessageiseverything.Theyarenotgoingtoworryaboutallthedetailsaroundit.Whatyousayistheimportantthingorwhatyoudoistheimportantthing.Anotherexampleofalow-contextcultureispeople’sattitudetowardstime.Intermsoftime,Isaidbeforetherewasapolychronicsenseoftimeinahigh-contextculture.Whatdoyouthinktherewouldbeinalow-contextculture?Monochronic!Right!Amonochronicsenseoftimeandbythatwemeanthatthereisonetime.Andthatconceptmeansthatpeopleinalow-contextculturebelievethatthere’sonestandardoftimeandthatshouldbeforeverything.AndsoI’mnotwillingtohear“Oh,thetrafficwasheavy.That’swhyIamlate.”or“Oh,Isleptlate.”Peopleinalow-contextculturewouldbemuchmoreupsetwithlatenessbecausetheyfeelthateveryoneshouldfollowthesametime;thereshouldn’tbeallthisflexibilitywithtimeandtheyexpectpunctuality.Andtheylookattimeasalmostacommoditythattheyuseexpressionslike“usetime”,“towastetime”,“tospendtime”or“timeismoney”.Alloftheseexpressionsreinforcetheconceptthattimeisactuallysomethingyoucanholdonto.SowhatthisisallaboutisthatHallexpressesthatpeopleneedtobeawareofthesedifferentconsumptionsorconceptsaboutreality.Andhethinksthatthishasallkindsofrelevancenomatterwhatyou’redoing,ifyou’reinbusiness,negotiations,interpersonalrelations.Ifyou’redealingwithpeoplefromdifferentculturesinanyway,it’sgoingtoaffecteverypartofyourlife.Inanymulticulturalsituation,theseassumptionsneedtobetakenintoaccountforsuccessfulinteractions.Ok,today,we’lltakeabrieflookatEdwardHall’sviewofculture,mainlyhisclassificationofhighorlowcontextculturewithsomeexamples.Nextweek,we’lllookatsomemoreexamplesofculturesonthecontinuingbetweenhigh-contextandlow-contextcultures.追问