用英语介绍篮球的知识

1891年12月初在美国马萨诸塞州斯普林菲尔德市基督教青年会国际训练学校（后为春田学院），由该校体育教师詹姆斯·奈史密斯博士发明，当年的篮球规则只有13条，奈史密斯博士于1939年去世，终年78岁。他未曾料到由他创建的篮球项目竟然在二百多个国家流传市面着，而且至今美国篮球还誉满全球。为了纪念奈史密斯博士发明的篮球的功绩，在春田学院校园内修建了美国篮球名人馆—詹姆斯·奈史密斯纪念馆。

起初奈史密斯将两只桃篮别钉在键身房内看台的栏杆上，桃篮上沿距离地面3.04米，用足球作比赛工具，向篮投掷。投球入篮得１分，按得分多少决定胜负。每次投球进篮后，要爬梯子将球取出再重新开始比赛。以后逐步将竹篮改为活底的铁篮，再改为铁圈下面挂网。

到１８９３年，形成近似现代的篮板、篮圈和篮网。最初的篮球比赛，对上场人数、场地大小，比赛时间均无严格限制。只需双方参加比赛的人数必须相等。比赛开始双方队员分别站在两端线外，裁判员鸣哨并将球掷向球场中间，双方跑向场内抢球，开始比赛。持球者可以抱着球跑向篮下投篮，首先达到预定分数者为胜。１８９２年，奈史密斯制定了１３条比赛规则，主要规定是不准持球跑，不准有粗野动作，不准用拳击球，否则即判犯规连续３次犯规判负１分；比赛时间规定为上、下半时，各１５分钟；对场地大小也作了规定。上场比赛人数逐步缩减为每队１０人、９人、７人，１８９３年定为每队上场５人。

EarlyinDecember1891intheU.S.cityofSpringfield,Mass.YoungMen'sChristianAssociationoftheInternationalTrainingSchool(latertoSpringfieldCollege),fromtheschoolphysicaleducationteachers,Dr.JamesNaismithinvented,thenonly13oftherulesofbasketball,Dr.Naismith1939deathof78-year-oldthroughouttheyear.Heneverthoughthecreatedbasketballinmorethan200countrieshavebeenonthemarket,butalsohasAmericanBasketballAwards.TocommemorateDr.NaismithinventedbasketballachievementsintheSpringfieldCollegecampusbuiltintheUnitedStatesBasketballHallofFame-JamesNaismithMemorialHall.

Atfirst,theNaismithnailedtwopeachbasketsintheotherroomkeysareontherailingofthestands,thepeachbasketonthegroundalongthedistance3.04meters,withfootballasatoolgame,throwingtothebasket.Haveaballintothebasket,howmanypointsdecidedbytheoutcome.Eachballintothebasket,PaTizitheballouttobere-startedrace.Afterthebasketswillbegraduallyreplacedbyliveattheendoftheironbasket,andthenreadthefollowingTiequanlinkednetwork.

In1893toformamodernapproximationoftherebounds,andtheNetsring.Theoriginalgameofbasketball,playingonthenumber,sizeofthevenue,thegamewasnostricttimelimit.Justthetwosidestoparticipateinthecompetitionmustbeequaltothenumberofpeople.Game,thetwoplayerswerestandingonbothendsoftheline,andrefereeMingshaoseenhurlingtheballinthemiddlecourse,bothinsideandrantowardtheball,thegamestarted.Ballcanbeshotwiththeballandrantowardthebasket,firstofallachievethetargetscoreforvictory.In1892,Naismithdeveloped13rules,themainprovisionsoftheballarenotallowedtorun,arenotallowedtohavearoughactionsarenotallowedtousetheballinboxing,thiswouldbeinconsecutivesentencefouls3foulsanegativesub-contractors;timeforthegame,Thesecondhalf,15minutes;onthesizeofthevenuesareon.Graduallyreducethenumberofpeopleplayinggamesforeachteamand10,9,7,1893aseachteamplaying5.