高手用英语介绍一下济南

Jinan(SimplifiedChinese:济南;TraditionalChinese:济南;pinyin:Jǐnán)isasub-provincialcityandthecapitalofShandongprovince,People'sRepublicofChina.LocatedinwesternShandong,itbordersLiaochengtothesouthwest,Dezhoutothenorthwest,Binzhoutothenortheast,Zibototheeast,LaiwutothesoutheastandTai'antothesouth.

Administration

Thesub-provincialcityofJinanadministers10county-leveldivisions,including6districts,1county-levelcityand3counties.

LichengDistrict(历城区)

LixiaDistrict(历下区)

ShizhongDistrict(市中区)

HuaiyingDistrict(槐荫区)

TianqiaoDistrict(天桥区)

ChangqingDistrict(长清区)

ZhangqiuCity(章丘市)

PingyinCounty(平阴县)

JiyangCounty(济阳县)

ShangheCounty(商河县)

Thesearefurtherdividedinto146township-leveldivisions,including65towns,27townshipsand54subdistricts.

Geographyandclimate

LocationwithinChinaJinanislocatedinthenorth-westernpartofShandongprovinceat36°40′northernlatitudeand116°57′eastofGreenwich.Becauseitslocationfallswithinthewarmtemperatecontinentalmonsoonclimatezone,Jinanhasfourdistinctseasons.Thecityisdryandrainlessinspring,hotandrainyinsummer,crispinautumnanddryandcoldinwinter.Theaverageannualtemperatureis14.2°C,andtheannualrainfallisaround675mm.Januaryisthecoldestanddriestmonth,themonthlyaveragesare-5.4°Cforthedailyminimumtemperature,3.6°Cforthedailymaximumtemperature,and6.6mmfortherainfall.Julyisthewarmestandwettestmonth,thecorrespondingnumbersare23.5°C,32.6°C,and190.9mm(Source:TheGlobalHistoricalClimatologyNetwork,version2beta,covering874monthsbetween1916and1990).

History

JinanhasbeenrecognizedbytheStateCouncilofChinaasaworthycultural-historiccity.TheancientsiteonwhichJinanwaserectedwasprobablysettledasearlyastheShangDynasty,3,000yearsago.Fromitslocation,southoftheancientJiWaters,comesJinan'sname,literallymeaningSouthofJi.JinanslowlydevelopedduringtheZhouDynasty;bytheJinDynasty,Buddhismbegantoflourishinthearea,andvarioustempleswereerectedmakingJinanthereligiouscenterofShandongatthetime.DuringtheNorthernSongDynasty,JinanbecameaprefectureandwascalledThenationofliteratureandtheplaceofwealth.Jinanbeingoneofthebiggesttax-collectingzonesinthekingdom.

JinanwashometoChina'soldesttrademarkbronzeplate.ThisshowsthefastindustrialandcommercialdevelopmentinJinanatthetime.TheTwoAn'sofJinancreatedalotoffamouspoetryandliteratureduringthisperiod,andbecamefamousrepresentativesofChina'sliteraryelite.ThecitycontinuedtodevelopthroughouttheMingandQingDynasties,becomingoneofthemostimportanttradingcentersinitsregionofChinabythelateQing.

IndustrialdevelopmentthrivedbeforetheJapaneseInvasionofChinain1933,duringthetimesoftheRepublic.ThecitywasdamagedduringWorldWarIIandwaslaterrebuilttoalargeextent.SinceDengXiaoping'sreforms,Jinanhasstrivedtodevelopintoamodernmetropolis.TradehasopenedupandJinan'sformerindustrialstrengthshaveresurfaced.

Economy

TheeconomicdevelopmentofJinanonlycametospeedsinceDengXiaoping's1978reforms,openinguptotheoutsideworld.Thefocuswasonimprovingmediumandlargesizedenterprises,thusimprovingthelevelofindustrialcompetition.Technologicaldevelopmentswereimprovedgreatly.Jinanisknownforvariousfamous-brandproductsthatcomefromthecity.Jinanismovingtowardsspecializinginindustriessuchassocialinsurance,telecommunications,information,andtourismforeconomicdevelopment.

Agricultureandtheruraleconomyalsogotahugeboostsince1978.Theoldwayofoperatingagricultrewasbeingreplacedbyanewer,moremodernmethod.Moreandmoreenterprisesareseekingtoruralareatodomorebusiness.Theforestandfishingindustriesalsothriveintheregion.ItisoneofthetopproducersinChinaofcotton,peanuts,andfruit.

Economicgrowthhasbeenfast,atapaceofnearly12%ayearinthegrowthofGDPsince1990.TheGDPpercapitawas25192(US$3042)in2003,rankedno.38among659Chinesecities.

Demographics

Jinan's2005estimatedpopulationis5.69millioninthewholecity-jurisdictionarea,withatotalof2.54millionlivinginurbanareas.ThepopulationispredominantlyHan(98.3%),withverysmallportionsofHuiandManchuChinese.

Languageandculture

JinanisknownforitsLuCai(鲁菜),onestreamoutoftheeightinChina,sometimeshailedasChina'sNo.1Cuisine.ManypeopleinJinanlikeeatingbig,rawgreenonion,garlic,whichmincedarealsocommonseasoningsintheLuCai.

Localresidentsinthecityproper,aswellasthesurroundingarea,havetraditionallyspokenadialectthatisrelativelysimilar(ascomparedtosoutherndialects)tostandardMandarinChinese,althoughanon-nativespeakerwhowouldlikelyfinditnotsoeasytounderstand.ThepeopleofJinanaregraduallyspeakingmoreMandarin,althoughmanyelderresidentsstillhavestrongShandongdialectelementsintheirspeech.

Transport

JinanisthehuboftransportandcommunicationnetworkforShandongprovince.TheconstructionoftheJinan-QingdaoExpressway,theJinan-Wangcun,Jinan-Weishan,Jinan-HandanandJinan-DezhouhighwayhasformedanetworkconnectingJinanwiththerestoftheprovinceandthecountryasawhole.JinanYaoqiangInternationalAirportprovidesairlineaccesstoallofChina,withmorethan30routesincludingtoBeijing,Shanghai,Shenzhen,FuzhouandothermajorChinescities.ItcontinuesasamajorcrossroadfortheChineserailwaysystem,asitisinthemiddleoftheJing-huRailwayandattheendoftheJiao-JiRailway.WatertravelontheYellowRivermakesJinananimportantshippingcenter.

Tourism

Jinanisknownforitsbeautifulnaturalsites,andisoneofthegreatesttouristdestinationsinShandong.Jinanboastsaseriesofoldandchildhoodhomesofpoliticians,philosophers,dynasticofficials,andartists.Furthermore,Jinan'spurportedpicturesquescenerybythelakeandruddywatersthatflowinandaroundthecitymakeitmoreattractivetodomestictourists--alotofthiswasreflectedbyfamousTangDynastypoetDuFu.Sadly,industrialisation,pollution,unfortunatepostrevolutionarchitectureandfrequentduststormsreducetheallureofitsonce-spectacularbeauty.TherearemorethanafewnaturalscenerysitesinJinan.Justoveranhourtothesouth,closertoTai'an,isthefamousTaiShan,oneofthefivegreatChinesemountains(WuYue).Tothenortharescenicblue-coloredmountains,besidetheYellowRiver.Jinanisalsoknownforitsnaturalsprings,whichhaveonlyrecentlybecomefunctionalagainafterthedepletedandpollutedwatertablewasartificiallyreplenishedafterdecadesofsluggishinactivity.However,foragreatpercentageoftheyearthecityisextremelydry.

Touristattractionsinclude:

BaotuSpringPark

DamingLake

Thousand-BuddhaMountain(Chinese:千佛山;pinyin:QiānFóShān)

ShandongProvincialMuseum-uniqueinChinafordisplayingadeadsix-leggedcalfinitsnaturalexhibitsarea.

LiberationPavilion(Chinese:解放阁;pinyin:jiefangge)

PearlSprings

BlackTigerSprings

JinniuPark

BaimaiSpringinZhangqiu

ChengziyaMuseumofLongshanCulture

Education

Jinan,theeducationalcenterofShandongprovince,hasahostofeminenthigh-leveleducationalinstitutionswithinitsarea.

National

ShandongUniversity(山东大学)(founded1901)

Public

JinanUniversity(济南大学)

ShandongNormalUniversity(山东师范大学)

ShangdonInstituteofArchitectureandEngineering(山东建筑工程学院)

ShandongJiaotongUniversity(山东交通学院)

ShandongEconomicUniversity(山东经济学院)

ShandongFinanceInstitute(山东财政学院)

ShandongUniversityofChineseTraditionalMedicine(山东中医药大学)

ShandongCollegeofArts(山东艺术学院)

ShandongCollegeofArtsandDesign(山东工艺美术学院)

ShandongPhysicalEducationInstitute(山东体育学院)