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急求一篇“火山爆发”的英语说明文，谢谢！

发表时间：2024-07-17 22:49:43 来源：网友投稿

Avolcanoisanopening,orrupture,inaplanet'ssurfaceorcrust,whichallowshotmagma,ashandgasestoescapefrombelowthesurface.ThewordvolcanoisderivedfromthenameofVulcanoislandoffSicilywhichinturn,wasnamedafterVulcan,theRomangodoffire.

Volcanoesaregenerallyfoundwheretectonicplatesaredivergingorconverging.Amid-oceanicridge,forexampletheMid-AtlanticRidge,hasexamplesofvolcanoescausedbydivergenttectonicplatespullingapart;thePacificRingofFirehasexamplesofvolcanoescausedbyconvergenttectonicplatescomingtogether.Bycontrast,volcanoesareusuallynotcreatedwheretwotectonicplatesslidepastoneanother.VolcanoescanalsoformwherethereisstretchingandthinningoftheEarth'scrust(callednon-hotspotintraplatevolcanism),suchasintheAfricanRiftValley,theWellsGray-ClearwatervolcanicfieldandtheRioGrandeRiftinNorthAmericaandtheEuropeanRhineGrabenwithitsEifelvolcanoes.

Volcanoescanbecausedbymantleplumes.Theseso-calledhotspots,forexampleatHawaii,canoccurfarfromplateboundaries.Hotspotvolcanoesarealsofoundelsewhereinthesolarsystem,especiallyonrockyplanetsandmoons.

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