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Geneticsandthesayinggoes,plantmelonsandyougetmelons,sowbeansandyougetbeans.Thissimpleandconciselanguagewhichtrulyreflectstheuniversallawofthebiologicalspeciesfromgenerationtogeneration.Ithaslongbeendiscoveredorganisms(includingplantsandanimalsandevenhuman)characterscanbetransmittedfromonegenerationtothenextgeneration.Thisisgenetic,thecoloristhereasonwhypeoplelikefeaturessuchastheheightofthereasonsalwayslookliketheirparents.Ecologistsfoundinthecolorful,mysteriousphenomenonwillhaveitsgeneticmaterialfoundationitisfoundinthenucleusDNA.AlsocomposedofchromosomalDNAandprotein.Everyhumannucleusofamaturecellcontaining46or23pairsofchromosomes.havetensofthousandsofhumangeneticinformationstoredinitdirectlywiththenakedeyecannotevenseethetinylittlebetweentheirchromosomes.Backinthe18thcenturythe1960s,asgeneticmaterialDNAinthenucleiofpuswerefound.Fromthe1940s,scientistshavediscoveredthe19thcenturywithafilmclip,thepneumococcalpathogenicnucleicacidextraction.Anotherfilmclipwillnot,thenon-pathogeniccoccigenetictraitchange,intoafilmclipandthepneumococcaldisease,themysterygoeswithoutsaying.DNAtocarryafilmclipofgeneticinformation,suchassexualtransmitteddiseaseandanotherpathway,soDNAisthecarrierofgeneticinformation.Geneticmaterialisthefoundation.Higherbiologicalcomplexgenetictraits,andenormousamountsofinformation.Thereare46chromosomesintheDNAmoleculesohowcanaccommodatelargeamountsofinformation.Thiswasperplexedmankind'sage-oldmystery.Scientistsdiscoveredin1953calleddeoxyribonucleicacid(DNA,aDNAmolecule)structure,Theanswerisonlythetruthofthismystery,alandmarkdiscoverythatwonaNobelPrize.moreimportantistobringaboutarevolutionarychangeinthefieldoflifesciences.DNAisabiologicalmacromolecules,thebasicstructureoftensofmillionsofunits--deoxynucleotidyllinkfromchainlikestructure,Furtherfurtherbythetwochainstogetherandcomeintothetwo-tracktraintrackWanrushapesleepersectionofthetrackisequivalenttooneendconnectedtotheonedeoxynucleotidylDNAmolecule.OnlyfourtypesofhumanDNAdeoxynucleotidyldifferentchemicalcomposition.repeatelementsarrangedinirregularandseemstoturnup.Nowthatthe46chromosomescontainingaboutonebilliondeoxynucleotidylCPC,whichisequivalenttoonebillionpiecesofalongsleepertracks.Canbeseeneveryoneofthefourtypesofchromosomeshavedeoxynucleotidylgreatquantity,SofourdeoxynucleotidylrowfromtheendoftheDNAmoleculetotheotherend,thereareavarietyofsequencing.Thisparticulardeoxynucleotidylsequencingholdinfinitenumberofgeneticinformation.StoredsomanygenetictraitstothelongchainofhumanchromosomalDNA.Whentheaverageextensionofuptofourcentimetersinlength.evenimagineitcanbestuffedintoamicroscopetoseetheverysmallcells.Long-chainDNAmoleculesformaspiralstructureinspacefirst,andthenafterseveralcircledandthebar-shapefoldedchromosome,thelengthincredibletimestobereducedbynearly10,000,abletoaccommodateonlysixtosevenmicronsindiameterofthenucleus.Generallyspeaking,heredityisdeterminedbygenes,celldivision,nuclearoraccuracyofthechromosomereplicationtoanewsetofchromosomes,deoxynucleotidesequencing,anditscellstructureandthesame,Therefore,theparentsofacomprehensiveandcorrecttransmissionofgeneticinformationtooffspring.23pairsofchromosomesinthecellsofhumaneggs,spermcellfromthefatherof23,inheritedhisfather'sgeneticinformation.Another23mothersfromthemother'seggfaithfullypreservedgeneticinformation,andconsequently,Growthalmostbecomecharactersintheoffspringofparentsisthecopy.ThisisthefruitHowcanyougetbeansgrowbeansHowcangetmelonsscientifictruthlies.DNAisthegeneticmaterialfoundation,thegeneislocatedonchromosomeDNAfragmentorganismsofdifferentgenesmaydeterminedifferenttraits,canbedescribedasaspecificgenecarryingthegeneticinformationofaparticularcharacter,Infactitisthebasicunitofhereditygenes.Scientistsspeculatethebodycellsofchromosome46withatotalofabout100,000genes.Thisshowshowgreatthehumangeneticinformation.Alongwiththerapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.Scientistsin1985seekstoclarifythe46humanchromosomes1billionDeoxymononucleotidessequencing.ThisisawesomeglobalHumanGenomeProjectwaslaunchedin1990,hasachievedagreatsuccessPeopleplantomakethefullsequencingofthehumangenomecompletedin2005.todecipherallhumangeneticinformationtoenablemankindtothefirstfullyself-understandingatthemolecularlevel.Humangenesdeterminethegenetictraitsofindividualcharactersthroughavarietyofproteinandisemerging.Itisnotdifficulttoimaginethatgenescontrolproteinsynthesisisnecessarygeneticinformation.Thisembeddedinthegenecanconveytotheresidenceofproteintomaintainaspecificgenetictrait.SoifDNAisthecarrierofgeneticinformation,geneticproteinisthediscoverer.Themolecularweightbylinkingthousandsofaminoacids--basicunit.Thehumanbodyiscomposedof20kindsofaminoacid.aminoacidproteinintheformofthousandsofdifferentkindsofproteinsequencing.withtheimplementationoftheirownspecificfunctions,andrepresentsaspecificbiologicaltraits.Scientiststhroughalongandarduousexploration,foundthattheDNAinformationthroughothernucleicacids--messengerribonucleicacid(mRNA)andproteinrelay.MRNAmoleculesfromthefournucleotides(Note:deoxynucleotidylDNAandthefourcompletelydifferentspecies)indifferentsequencingcomponent.AchainmoleculeDNAsequencingcandeoxynucleotidylthestrictguidanceofthespecificmRNAmoleculesproducednucleotidesequencing.ThisDNAmoleculesontheaccuratetransmissionofgeneticinformationtomRNAmolecules,aprocessknownastranscription.Aspecificgene,theDNAfragment,GeneticinformationcanbetransmittedthroughthetranscriptionofthemRNAmoleculewhichnucleotidesequencing.MRNAmoleculethreeadjacentnucleotidesequencingwascalledcodons.isoneoftheaminoacidseachcodoncodes,a20aminoacidseachcodon.SothemRNAmoleculesequencinggeneticinformationthatthecodoncanbestrictlyguidedproteinof20aminoacidmoleculesequencing.MRNAsothatthegeneticcodeiscarriedonindescendingorderofaminoacids,linkedtoproteinThisprocessisknownastranslation.Theycanmaketheintrinsiclinkbetweenapopularmetaphor:mRNAmoleculesequencingofthegeneticcodeorcodetelegramorderingmRNAmoleculesarearrangedinthecodontranslatedintoproteinmoleculesofaminoacidsequencing.andthecablecanbetranslatedintoaseriesofcodesistheprecisemeaningofthewording.Whatistrulyamazingisthatsomeofthemhavestrangepsychedelicvariouslow.Itdoesnotuseasetofhigherorganismshavecomplexgeneticcode,theimplementationofsimilargeneticcodeMessengerRNAisthegeneticinformationflowsfromDNA,andthentheflowofprotein.However,thegeneticchangesmayalsobringmisfortunetoEcologistsevenhumansuffering.Allthingsthedevelopmentofatwo-edgedsword.Mankindinthelongprocessofadaptationtochangesintheexternalenvironmentandsurvive,Nucleargeneunknowinglycarriedoutextremelyslowevolution,evolutionandimprovement,Geneticstabilityandgeneevolutionisthedrivingforcebehindevolutionofbiologicalspecies.Ifsomegenesinthehumangeneticchangecausedbycongenitaldiseases,oftenwithlifelongeroded.Hemophiliaisatypicalexample.Becauseofalackofaclottingfactordisease,thepatient'sorgansandtissuesoncesustainedminorinjuries,itwillstopthebleeding.Duetothelackofclottingfactorthatmakesthebloodcoagulateintopiecesandthewoundsdifficulttostanchbleeding.Somegeneticdiseases.onlyonegeneorreplacethelostonedeoxynucleotidylonthewholelifelongdiseasecausedbythelossofgenefunction.Apartfromcongenitalgeneticdiseases,genemutationsacquiredthediseasemaybetriggered.Chemicalcarcinogeninthehumanbody,willbeintegratedintothehumanDNAmolecule,Thisinterfereswiththenormaltransmissionofgeneticinformation,resultinginmalignanttransformationofcells,thehumanbody,triggercancer.Withtheriseofmolecularbiology,andtherapiddevelopmentofcutting-edgetechnology.Scientistshavecanbeappliedtoelementshavehigh-powermicroscopetoseethateveninthegenesplicing,repairandreplacement.Therefore,toconquerthemanygeneticdiseasesordiseasescausedbygenemutationsarenotfaroff.Evenaccordingtothewishesofscientiststooneforeigngeneintoaplantorganismscancreateanewspecies.Thisisthemagicofgeneticengineering.Thisistopreventcroppests,improvinglivestockspecies,biologicalpharmacy,andsohastremendousvalue.Therefore,themasterofthehumangenomeandthegeneticmysteries,theyuseitbroughtthebenefitofmankind.itsdevelopmentprospectsareverybright.