韩国的英语简介

SeoulisinnorthwestSouthKorea.Seoulpropercomprises605.39km²ofarea,roughlybisectedintonorthernandsouthernhalvesbytheHanRiver.TheHanRiveranditssurroundingareaplayedanimportantroleinKoreanhistory.TheThreeKingdomsofKoreastrovetotakecontrolofthisland,wheretheriverwasusedasatraderoutetoChina(viatheYellowSea).However,theriverisnolongeractivelyusedfornavigation,becauseitsestuaryislocatedatthebordersofthetwoKoreas,barredforentrancebyanycivilian.Thecityisborderedbyeightmountains,aswellasthemorelevellandsoftheHanRiverplainandwesternareas.

[edit]Climate

ClimatechartforSeoul

JFMAMJJASOND

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1

-7

25

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-5

47

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averagetemperaturesin°C

precipitationtotalsinmm

source:climate-charts.com

Imperialconversion[show]

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averagetemperaturesin°F

precipitationtotalsininches

IncommonwiththerestofSouthKorea,Seoulhasahumidcontinentalclimate(KöppenclimateclassificationDwa),despitethefactthatthecountryissurroundedonthreesidesbywater.[12]Summersaregenerallyhotandhumid,withmonsoonstakingplacefromJuneuntilJuly.August,thehottestmonth,hasanaveragetemperatureof72°Fto86°F(22°Cto30°C)withhighertemperaturespossible.WintersareoftenverycoldwithanaverageJanuarytemperatureof19°Fto33°F(-7°Cto1°C)andaregenerallymuchdrierthansummers,althoughthereare28daysofsnowinSeoulineachyearonaverage.

[edit]Cityscape

HyundaiI'ParkTower.

ViewoftheSamsungTowerPalace.

ThetraditionalheartofSeoulistheoldJoseonDynastycity,whichisnowthedowntownarea,wheremostpalaces,governmentoffices,corporateheadquarters,hotels,andtraditionalmarketsarelocated.ThisareaoccupiesthevalleyofCheonggyecheon,astreamthatrunsfromwesttoeastthroughthevalleybeforeemptyingintotheHanRiver.Formanyyears,thestreamhadbeencoveredbyconcrete,butwasrecentlyrestoredthroughanurbanrevivalproject.TothenorthofdowntownisBukhanMountain,andtothesouthisthesmallerNamsan.FurthersoutharetheoldsuburbsofYongsan-guandMapo-gu,andtheHanRiver.AcrosstheHanRiverarethenewerandwealthierareasofGangnam-gu,Seocho-guandsurroundingneighborhoods.TheWorldTradeCenterofKoreaislocatedinGangnam-guandthisiswheremanyexpositionsandconferencesareheld.AlsoinGangnam-guistheCOEXMall,alargeindoorshoppingandentertainmentcomplex.DownstreamfromGangnam-guisYeouido,alargeislandthatishometotheNationalAssembly,majorbroadcastingstudios,andanumberoflargeofficebuildings,aswellastheKoreaFinanceBuildingandtheworld'slargestPentecostalchurch.AdjacenttoYeouidoisBamseomanuninhabitedislandinthemiddleoftheriver.TheOlympicStadium,OlympicPark,andLotteWorldarelocatedinSongpa-gu,onthesouthsideoftheHanRiver,upstreamfromGangnam-gu.SouthofthesprawlingGangnamareaareNamhanMountain,CheonggyeMountainandGwanakMountain.

AduskyviewoverlookingtheGangnamDistrictofSeoul.

SouthernSeoul

JongnoTower.

MajormodernlandmarksincludetheKoreaFinanceBuilding,NSeoulTower,theWorldTradeCenter,the63Buildingandthesix-skyscraperresidenceTowerPalace.Theseandvarioushigh-riseofficebuildings,liketheSeoulStarTowerandJongnoTower,dominatethecity'sskyline.Duetoitshighdensity,Seoulhasbeenequippedwithagrandappearanceofskyscrapersandthecitycouncilisnowplanningonbuildingaseriesofhigh-rises,including580-metrebusinesscenterinSangamDigitalMediaCitydistrictandan800-metreLotteWorld2TowerintheJamsil(pronouncedJam-shil)districtofSongpa-guandGangdong-gu.

UrbanandcivilplanningwasakeyconceptwhenSeoulwasfirstdesignedtoserveasacapitalinthelate14thcentury.TheRoyalPalacesoftheJoseonDynastystillremaininSeoul,withthemainpalace,Gyeongbokgungcurrentlybeingrestoredtoitsoriginalform.Today,thereareeightmajorsubwaylinesstretchingformorethan250kilometers,withaninthandtenthlinebeingplanned,andalsosomeothermiscellaneouslines.

ThemosthistoricallysignificantstreetinSeoulisJongro,meaningBellStreet,onwhichonecanfindBosingak,apavilioncontainingalargebell.Thebellsignaledthedifferenttimesofthedayandthereforecontrolledthefourmajorgatestothecity.TheonlytimeitisnormallyrungnowadaysisatmidnightonNewYear'sEve,whenitisrungthirty-threetimes.Itwas,however,rungonthedaythatPresidentKimDae-jungtookoffice.

Seoul'smostimportantstreetcarlineranalongJongnountilitwasreplacedbyLine1ofthesubwaysystemintheearly1970s.OthernotablestreetsindowntownSeoulincludeEuljiro(을지로;乙支路),Teheranno(테헤란路,TehranStreet),Sejongno(세종로;世宗路),Chungmuro(충무로;忠武路),Yulgongno(율곡로;栗谷路),andToegyero(퇴계로;退溪路).

ManypeoplethinkKoreanfoodisjustlikeChinesefood.OthersswearthatitisthesameasJapanesefood.Butneitheroftheseareright.

TherearedefinitelysomesimilaritiesbetweenKorean,ChineseandJapanesefoodsasaresultoftheircloseproximityandculturalinterrelationships.Allthreecuisinesusericeasthemaindishandotherfoodsareusedassidedishes.

Koreanfoodhasdevelopedovertimetohaveitsownuniqueandtastycharacteristics.Grainsofallkindsarehighlyvaluedandappearinmanyforms.Maindishesandandsidedishesareallseparateanddistinctivefromeachother,andthereisalargevarietyofdifferentkindsoffoods.Seasoningsisconsideredanartandcondimentsandspicesareusedtoobtainaharmoniousblendofflavors.

DuetohundredsofyearsofConfucianinfluence,withitsrigidrulesofbehavior,greatvalueisputonthepropertablesetting,diningmannersandcourtesy.

Koreansfundamentallybelievethatallfoodislikemedicine,doinggoodforthepersonwhoeatsit.ManyingredientsusedinOrientalherbalmedicinearealsocommonlyusedinKoreancooking.Koreansliketoidentifyfoodthatisparticularlygoodforyoubyprefixingthenamewithyak,meaningmedicine,thusyakgwa(honeycookies)andyakshik(sweetrice).

TherearemanyregionalvariationsinKoreanfoodduetogeographic,culturalandclimaticdifferences.Generally,thenorthernpartsofKoreaaremoremountainous,suitedfordryfieldgrainsotherthanrice,whiletheplainsofthecentralandsouthernregionsproducericeabundantly,makingitamoreimportantstapleintheseareas.

AlthoughSeoulitselfdoesnotgroworproduceanyproducts,itspositionastheheadofthecountry'sgovernmentforthepast

600years,andasthecenteroftheChosonDynastyroyalcourtfor500years,givesitareputationforluxuriousanddiversecuisine.

ManyofSeoul'sdistinctivedishesevolvedfromthecuisineoftheroyalcourtandthenobleclass.ThecuisineofSeoulisbeautifullymadeandservedinsmallportionsbutwithalargenumberofdishes.

Theroyalinfluencemakesthemealshighlyformal,artisticandceremonial.

Inthenorthernareas,whichhaveshortersummersandlongerwinters,foodismoreblandthanintheSouth,theservingsaregenerous,andmanydifferentdishesareservedatameal.

Asyoumovesouthward,thefoodbecomesspicierandsaltier,withstrongerflavorsandmoreuseofpickledfishandcondiments.

Regionaldifferencesarebeginningtoblurasthefoodsofoneregionbecomewidelyknownandandeateninotherregionsofthecountry.AndasWesterninfluencesenterthepalate,someofKorea'suniquenativedishesaredisappearing.

TYPICALSEOULDISHES;

MAINDISHES:

Sollongtang(beefandbonesoup)

Chatchuk(pinenutporridge)

Ttokkuk(slicedricecakesoup)

Changgukpap(beefricecoup)

SIDEDISHES

Yukgejang(spicybeefsoup)

Singsollo(fancyhotpot)

Kalbichim(boiledbeefribs)

Pyeonyuk(slicedpressedbeef)

Kujeolpan(nine-treasuredish)

Chuotang(mudfishsoup)

Tomitchim(boiledredsnapper)

DRINKS

Alargevarietyofhwachae(honeyedjuicemixedwithfruit)andhotteasmadewithOrientalmedicinalherbs